Bitcoin Logarithmic Fractal Growth Model By ARUDDThis model, which I'm calling the Logarithmic Fractal Growth Mode (L.F.G) , uses Bitcoin's mathematical monetary policy to evaluate the future possible price valuation.
It takes into account fractal (and logarithmic) growth as well as how those who hold bitcoins might react to certain events such as changes in supply and demand. It also shows that it is mathematically logical that someday it must become stable.
The information gained from knowing this helps people make more informed decisions when buying bitcoin and thinking of its future possibilities.
The model can serve as some type of general guideline for determining how much bitcoins should be worth in the future if it follows a certain path from its current price.
Modeling Bitcoin's money supply mathematically, and knowing that there is a finite number of them, makes this whole process much more rational than just thinking about the possibilities in pure subjective terms.
Before going any further I want to say that no one can know with absolute certainty what will happen to bitcoins price in the future, but using mathematics gives us an idea of where things are headed.
The results presented here are based on very reasonable assumptions for how bitcoin might continue to grow (and then level out) once there are over 21 million bitcoins in existence.
The model shows that bitcoin's price can never go down to zero (thus creating the "death spiral" phenomenon), and as such, bitcoin has an extremely high probability of becoming stable as it approaches infinity.
Conversely, this model also shows that at some point there is a high probability that bitcoin will not continue to grow exponentially forever.
Credit goes to Quantadelic for the awesome original script.
ARUDD
在腳本中搜尋"Exponential"
"DSS" Bessert Double Smooth Stochastic Alma Variant Hi colleagues I share this time DSS bressert.
As usual they have all the adjustable colors and signals. I hope you enjoy them and leave here below the length of signals that best suit your needs so that we can continue sharing content
Description
One after the other, William Blau and Walter Bressert each presented a version of the Double Smoothed Stochastics. Two exponentially smoothed MAs are used to even out the input values (H, L and C), in a similar way to the well-known stochastic formula.
Parameters
The adjustable period length can be chosen from 2 to 500. The most common settings will have a period length ranging from 5 to 30. In addition, the indicator can be smoothed in the interval from 1 to 50. Meaningful smoothing values lie in the short-term range.
Interpretation
The application of the DSS is comparable with that of the stochastic method. Accordingly, values above 70 or 80 must be regarded as overbought and values below 20 or 30 as oversold. A rise of the DSS above its center line should be viewed as bullish, and a fall of the DSS below its center line as bearish.
/// Quick Explained ALMA ///
//Window size: The window size is the look-back period and it is a basic setting of ALMA.
//Experienced traders can change this setting according to their preference.
//But if you are using this indicator for the first time, it is recommended to go with the default setting.
//Offset: The offset value is used to tweak the ALMA so that it will be more inclined
//towards responsiveness or smoothness. You can set the offset in decimals between the 0 to1.
//The value of 0.01 makes it smoother, while a setting of 0.99 makes the indicator more responsive.
//Sigma: The sigma is used for the filter. Any value less than 6 makes the indicator
//more focused, whereas the setting of 6 makes the filter large. According to Mr Arnaud,
//a sigma value of 6 is offer good performance.
/// Explain DSS ///
//Parameters
//The adjustable period length can be chosen from 2 to 500.
//The most common settings will have a period length ranging from 5 to 30.
//In addition, the indicator can be smoothed in the interval from 1 to 50.
//Meaningful smoothing values lie in the short-term range.
//Interpretation
//The application of the DSS is comparable with that of the stochastic method.
//Accordingly, values above 70 or 80 must be regarded as overbought and values below 20 or 30 as oversold.
//A rise of the DSS above its center line should be viewed as bullish,
//and a fall of the DSS below its center line as bearish
/// End Of The Code///
4 MA Strategy + Position Management// This is a simple crossover Moving Average strategy, good for long term crypto trades.
// It buys when the MA "X" crosses up the MA "Y", viceversa for shorts.
// Both MAs are selectable from the Inputs section in the front panel.
// There is also a Position Management option thats
// sizes positions to have the same USD risk (using leverage) on each trade,
// based on the percentage distance to the stop loss level.
// If you turn this option on you will see how the profit
// grows exponentially while the drawdown percentage almost remains the same.
Volume, Momentum and Volatility weighted moving averageMoving averages are filters on price data. This moving average creates a filter which factors in:
- the price RSI or it's Momentum
- the volume RSI
- the RVI or Volatility
Each factor is put through a least squares filter to smooth them first.
Then the factors are used to build a coefficient for an exponentially weighted average.
The chart above shows a comparison of standard average types with this script.
This is useful if you are looking for a moving average based trigger and do not wish to react to candle noise price action.
Linear Regression + Moving Average1. Linear Regression including 2 x Standard Deviation + High / Low. Middle line colour depends on colour change of Symmetrically Weighted Moving Average . Green zones indicate good long positions. Red zones indicate good short positions. (Custom)
2. Symmetrically Weighted Moving Average. Colour change depending on cross of offset -1. (Fixed)
3. Exponentially Weighted Moving Average. Colour change depending on cross with Symmetrically Weighted Moving Average. (Custom)
Log MACDThis is just a MACD indicator using the log of the closing price rather than the normal closing price. Useful for exponentially growing stocks and cryptocurrency.
Volume Weighted Directional BiasThis indicator uses a series of five volume weighted moving averages cast out in successive powers of three to calculate a value which expresses the direction and momentum of a trend. It can be used as a contrary indicator to identify waning momentum at the top or bottom of a rally or selloff. It can be used to identify trendline divergence. It can also be used for trend confirmation.
The length of the moving averages can be changed in the indicator inputs, but each should be longer than the previous.
The problem with most trend indicators is that they are either too lagging or too noisy. This indicator seeks to combine smoothed data and a long lookback period with an exponentially forward weighted calculation, making it still very responsive to market changes without too much signal noise.
Grid ToolThe core idea of this grid tool is that you have to concentrate less on the trade entries (this happens automatically time-independent but price-dependant) but rather on the validity of the macro trend. Exiting a trend when it is no longer valid is more important than entering a trade. But as long as the trend is valid, the trader participates exponentially in the overall trend.
It is advisable to start with a basic position and then "set up" the grid on this in a ratio of 1/10.
A major advantage of grid trading is that the average entry price in a trend moves further and further away from the current market price while the position continues to grow.
A small timeframe should be used so that the distance between the trades corresponds as closely as possible to the selected grid gap and since TV backtests are carried out with closed bars.
Before starting a grid, pre-analysis the market to make sure it is trending. Select the grid gap and grid position size that you are comfortable with. Monitor the trend and from time to time take some profit :).
PS: The ADX filter looks interesting.
[SCL] Bitcoin Hashrate Dips (Miner Capitulation)Gives long-term buy signals for Bitcoin from dips and recoveries in the hashrate (the "miner capitulation" theory). It has an overlay and a standalone mode and is fully configurable. It uses Williams Lows and ATR instead of moving averages.
Features that might be interesting for Pinescripters:
+ Automatic (as far as is possible currently) adjustment of plots for overlay and standalone display modes.
+ A neat label function for debugging floats
+ Fully commented
+ The debug that I used to overcome problems in developing it is left in
+ Ideas for how to deal with a wildly oscillating and exponentially increasing data source
You need to run this indicator on the Bitcoin daily chart for it to make any sense. The best is a BTC/USD chart with a long history, such as BNC:BLX.
KINSKI Flexible Multi MA (EMA, SMA, RMA, WMA, VWMA, KAMA, HMA)This Multi Moving Average (MA) indicator is more flexible than any other indicator of this type offered so far. You can define up to 10 different Moving Average (MA) lines based on different calculation variants.
The following MA types can be configured.
- EMA: Exponentially Moving Average
- SMA: Small Moving Average
- RMA: Rolling Moving Average
- WMA: Weighted Moving Average
- VWMA: Volume Weighted Moving Average
- KAMA: Kaufman's Adaptive Moving Average
- HMA: Hull Moving Average
Which settings can be made?
- Selection for calculation formula ("Calculation Source"). The default value is "close".
- for each MA line the "Length" and the "Type" can be defined
- furthermore you can make layout adjustments via the "Style" menu
Dynamic Money FlowDynamic Money Flow is a volume indicator based on Marc Chaikin's Money Flow with a few improvements.
It can be used to confirm break-outs and trends.
Zero line crosses and divergences can provide useful signals while considering chart analysis as well.
Two weaknesses of CMF have been already fixed by Colin Twiggs (IncredibleCharts)...
1.CMF uses Chaikin's accumulation/distribution line to calculate the flow of money.
Accumulation/distribution line does not take the gaps into account. This can be solved using true range.
I call it true accumulation/distribution.
2.Oscillators have a tendency to center because of averaging calculations.
DMF is average of flowing volume divided by average of total volume. This means indicator plots the change of first factor compared to the other one. In Simple Averaging method every data is given an equal weight thus when the last data drops it will have heavy impact on the averages and the change of them.
It is much easier to identity these impacts after the drop of very high or very low data... So reducing the weight exponentially is a better option.
3.There is something else with CMF... changes of close price is ignored, because the formula only compares close price to its range.
To include the movements of close beside the close to range comparison, the distance between two last close prices should be compared to true range as well.
So volume can be distributed between close to range comparison (True Accumulation/Distribution) and close to close comparison automatically. And then results are summed to have a single multiplier.
An example for how close to close comparison affects DMF...
Or here you can see how lower wicks keep TMF (same as CMF in this case) from crossing zero line while price is trending down.
Bitmex Funding Killzones v3 [MaliciousUpload]Originally built off of "Oscarvs: BITCOIN KILL ZONES v2" indicator, updated to now highlight a different time period based event.
1. The indicator should not be affected by what time zone you are in, it will show true Funding periods by default.
2. This needs to be used on the 1min time frame to be used to its full extent
3. The more the funding fee is the more likely you are to have price get manipulated by people looking to act on its benefit
4. This indicator will work only for XBTUSD and ETHUSD perpetual contract symbols as they are the only two ones with funding...
My opinion: Funding is literally the exchanges insurance policy, they are "the house", they will always win.
With that in mind you can trade "with the house" in this regard, getting onto the side that will benefit from exponentially large funding rebates.
Do you ever ask how those "whales" got to be rich? It was by saving every penny they could while trading.
Funding gives people the option to jump out right before, avoiding the fee and then immediately enter in after at no loss (assuming limit orders ofc).
If that doesn't make sense to you i cant help, sorry. :pray: :pray: :pray:
"Build up period" = Usually when we see people start getting into positions to try and get the rebate from funding and/or people getting out of positions that would be negatively impacted by funding
"Entry window" = If you are trying to scalp the "rebound" in price which should happen right after funding happens from people re-entering their position which previously exited just to avoid the funding fee or from all of the people who entered just to get the funding rebate
"Take profit period" = The time period I have determined to be most influential, very volatile IF the funding has an effect on price
Hit me up on Discord if you are an **experienced** trader that takes trading seriously.
MaliciousUpload#1637
VWMA RibbonVolume Weighted Moving Average of HLC3's, spread over a wide range of periods to get an overall feel of any market.
The 15 periods used are exponentially increasing to provide somewhat even spacings in moving markets, which can be useful for progressive stop-buys (dollar cost averaging in) or progressive stop-losses (dollar cost averaging out):
4
7
12
20
33
54
87
140
226
365
590
955
1545
2500
5000
Delta Volume v2, by AlexIncHere is my new version of exponentially-attinuated volume based indicator, which can be used for confirmation of other signals.
Triple Moving Averages++Extended version of Triple Moving Averages
Puts three moving averages on the chart can choose from
Simple Moving Average
Exponentially Weighted Moving Average
RSI Moving Average
Weighted Moving Average
Arnaud Legoux Moving Average
Volume Weighted Moving Average
Also includes options to hide each of the moving averages
Richard Carey - Crypto Appropriate EWMACAn exponentially weighted moving average crossover strategy with variable MA types and Fast Slow periods.
WhenWasThePriceAction
Bars of largest range (volatility)
* see moments of strongest price action immediately
* colored & upDown by candle color
* amplifier: you see only the bull runs, and subsequent dumps
Very nice on the 5 years scale of BITSTAMP:BTCUSD - nothing comparable to 2013 has happened yet.
Internals:
squared_range = pow(high-low, 2)
That is essentially it already. The rest are details:
* gauge with (in case of Bitcoin exponentially rising) price
* show in red for negative candles
* take even higher polynomial (than 2) to show only the very largest values
* allow some user input (but there is not much more that can be chosen here.)
Sorry for such a simple formula - but sometimes the easiest things are powerful.
Please give feedback. www.tradingview.com and/or in the cryptocurrency chat. Thanks.
FREE INDICATOR: POLARIZED FRACTAL EFFICIENCYLooking for something other than a moving average to help determine not only a trend's strength, but also it's direction? Try PFE!
PFE was developed by Hans Hannula that was invented to determine price efficiency over a user-defined time period.
The Polarized Fractal Efficiency indicator is, in the essence, an exponentially smoothed ratio of the length of two lines: (1) of a straight line between today’s close and the close Period days ago, and (2) of a broken line connecting all Close points between today and Period days ago. The indicator output varies between -100 and 100. The theory behind this indicator is that if it is >50 (or <-50) then the market is likely to reverse its trend from positive to negative (or from negative to positive).
Other usage:
Securities with a PFE greater than zero are deemed to be trending up, while a reading of less than zero indicates the trend is down. The strengh of the trend is measured by the position of the PFE relative to the zero line. As a general rule, the further the PFE value is away from zero, the stronger and more efficient the given trend is. A PFE value that fluctuates around the zero line could indicate that the supply and demand for the security are in balance and price may trade sideways.
As with all indicators, finding something that works well along side this would be the most beneficial way to use it.
Perhaps something like the Choppiness Index (related idea below) could do the trick.
Grab the source code here: pastebin.com
Installation video by @ChrisMoody here : blog.tradingview.com
Trade Life Balance Multi EMAThe Trade Life Balance EMA Indicator is a versatile and essential tool for technical analysts and traders. It combines five of the most commonly used Exponential Moving Averages (EMAs) into a single indicator, and additionally offers two optional EMAs for advanced analysis. This indicator helps to quickly identify trend direction, dynamic support and resistance levels, and potential entry and exit points.
Important Note:
Moving averages are lagging indicators, meaning they are based on past price data and do not predict future price movements. For a comprehensive market analysis, it is highly recommended to use the TLB EMA indicator in combination with other analytical tools such as volume, price action, and oscillators.
How the TLB EMA Indicator Works
The indicator plots multiple Exponential Moving Averages directly on the price chart. An EMA is a type of moving average that gives more weight and significance to the most recent price data, making it more responsive to price changes than a Simple Moving Average (SMA).
Default Configuration:
The indicator comes pre-configured with five core EMAs that play a crucial role in many trading strategies:
EMA 13 & 20: Often used as short-term trend indicators. Their slope and the distance to the price can indicate the strength of the current momentum.
EMA 50: Considered an important mid-term trend indicator. A price holding above the 50 EMA often suggests a healthy uptrend.
EMA 100: Serves as a mid- to long-term trend filter.
EMA 200: Widely regarded as the decisive line between a long-term bull and bear market.
The color scheme, ranging from light red (fastest EMA) to dark red (slowest EMA), facilitates quick visual identification.
Customization Options
The TLB EMA indicator is fully customizable to suit individual trading strategies and preferences:
EMA Lengths: All five standard EMAs, as well as the two optional ones, can be set to any desired length in the "Inputs" settings.
Optional EMAs: Two additional EMAs are disabled by default. They can be activated via a checkbox to supplement the analysis with other user-defined periods (e.g., for Fibonacci numbers or specific strategies).
Visual Style: In the "Style" tab of the indicator settings, the color, thickness, and visibility of each individual EMA line can be adjusted as desired.
Advantages of the TLB EMA Indicator
All-in-One Solution: Consolidates the most important EMAs into a single indicator, keeping the chart view clean and eliminating the need to add multiple individual indicators.
High Flexibility: With fully customizable lengths and two optional EMAs, the indicator can be configured for any strategy and any market (stocks, forex, crypto, etc.).
Visual Clarity: The pre-configured color coding allows for an intuitive and quick interpretation of the different trend speeds.
Efficiency: Saves time in chart setup and analysis.
Using the TLB EMA Indicator
The TLB EMA can be used in various ways in trading:
Trend Identification: The simplest application is to determine the overall trend. If the price is above the EMAs (especially the 200), it indicates an uptrend. If it is below, the trend is downward.
Dynamic Support and Resistance: In an uptrend, the EMAs often act as dynamic support zones where the price can bounce. In a downtrend, they serve as dynamic resistance zones.
Crossover Signals: The crossing of EMAs can generate trading signals. A "Golden Cross" (e.g., the 50 EMA crosses above the 200 EMA) is considered a bullish signal, while a "Death Cross" (50 EMA crosses below the 200 EMA) is considered a bearish signal.
Please note that the TLB EMA indicator is a tool for analysis and does not guarantee profitable trades. Always use it in conjunction with a solid risk management strategy.
My_EMA_CloudsThis script is a comprehensive technical indicator for trading, which includes several functional blocks:
Consolidation zones
Detects and displays price consolidation areas
Draws horizontal support/resistance lines
Generates breakout alerts (up/down)
Allows customization of analysis period and minimum consolidation length
EMA Clouds (Exponential Moving Averages)
Contains 5 sets of EMA clouds with customizable periods
Each cloud consists of short and long EMAs
Cloud colors change depending on trend direction
Offers offset and display settings customization
Support and Resistance Levels
Automatically detects key levels
Uses ATR (Average True Range) for calculation
Displays extended levels
Allows visual style customization
Side Volume Indicator
Shows volume distribution across price levels
Visualizes buy and sell volumes
Displays Point of Control (PoC)
Customizable number of histograms
Liquidation Zones
Identifies potential areas of mass position liquidations
Displays levels with different multipliers (10x, 25x, 50x, 100x)
Shows position volume
Includes heatmap functionality
The script provides traders with a comprehensive set of tools for market analysis, including trend indicators, support/resistance levels, volume metrics, and potential price movement zones. All components can be customized to fit individual trading strategies.
Best usage with Likelihood of Winning - Probability Density Function
Данный скрипт представляет собой комплексный технический индикатор для трейдинга, который включает в себя несколько функциональных блоков:
Зоны консолидации
Определяет и отображает области консолидации цены
Рисует горизонтальные линии поддержки/сопротивления
Генерирует оповещения о прорывах вверх/вниз
Позволяет настраивать период анализа и минимальную длину консолидации
Облака EMA (Exponential Moving Averages)
Содержит 5 наборов EMA-облаков с настраиваемыми периодами
Каждое облако состоит из короткой и длинной EMA
Цвета облаков меняются в зависимости от направления тренда
Есть возможность настройки смещения и отображения
Уровни поддержки и сопротивления
Автоматически определяет ключевые уровни
Использует ATR (средний истинный диапазон) для расчета
Отображает расширенные уровни
Позволяет настраивать визуальный стиль
Индикатор бокового объема
Показывает распределение объема по ценовым уровням
Визуализирует объемы покупок и продаж
Отображает точку контроля (PoC)
Настраиваемое количество гистограмм
Зоны ликвидаций
Определяет потенциальные зоны массовых ликвидаций позиций
Отображает уровни с разными множителями (10x, 25x, 50x, 100x)
Показывает объем позиций
Включает функцию тепловой карты
Скрипт предоставляет трейдерам комплексный набор инструментов для анализа рынка, включая трендовые индикаторы, уровни поддержки/сопротивления, объемные показатели и зоны потенциальных движений цены. Все компоненты можно настраивать под индивидуальные торговые стратегии.
EMA vs TMA Regime FilterEMA vs TMA Regime Filter
This indicator is built as a visual study tool to compare the behavior of the Exponential Moving Average (EMA) and the Triangular Moving Average (TMA).
The EMA applies an exponential weighting to price data, giving stronger importance to the most recent values. This makes it a faster, more responsive line that reflects short-term momentum. The TMA, by contrast, applies a double-smoothing process (or in the “True TMA” option, a split SMA sequence), which produces a much slower curve. The TMA emphasizes balance over reactivity, often used for filtering noise and observing longer-term structure.
When both are plotted on the same chart, their differences become clear. The shaded region between them highlights times when short-term price dynamics diverge from longer-term smoothing. This is where the idea of “regime” comes in — not as a trading signal, but as a descriptive way of seeing whether market action is currently dominated by speed or by stability.
Users can customize:
Line styles, widths, and colors.
Cloud transparency for visual clarity.
Whether to color bars based on relative position (optional, purely visual).
The goal is not to create a system, but to help traders experiment, observe, and learn how different smoothing techniques can emphasize different aspects of price. By switching between the legacy and true TMA, or adjusting lengths, users can study how each approach interprets the same data differently.
On-Balance Volume with Multiple MA TypesOn-Balance Volume with Multiple MA Types
English Description
Overview
This is the first version of the "On-Balance Volume with Multiple MA Types" indicator designed to overlay directly on the price chart, a significant evolution from its previous iterations, which functioned solely as an oscillator in a separate window. The indicator calculates On-Balance Volume (OBV) and applies various smoothing methods to provide a clear view of volume dynamics in relation to price movements. It is pinned to the price scale for seamless integration with the chart.
Interpretation Recommendations
Price Pushing the OBV Line from Below: When the price chart pushes the OBV line upward and remains below it, this indicates rising volume, suggesting strong buying pressure.
Price Above the OBV Line: When the price chart is above the OBV line, it signals falling volume, indicating weakening momentum or selling pressure.
OBV Line Crossings: When the price crosses the OBV line, it represents a balance point in volume dynamics. The price level at the current crossing can be compared to the previous crossing to assess changes in market sentiment or momentum.
Moving Average Types
The indicator offers eight smoothing options for the OBV line, each with unique characteristics:
EMA (Exponential Moving Average): A weighted average that prioritizes recent data, providing a smooth yet responsive line.
DEMA (Double Exponential Moving Average): Uses two EMAs to reduce lag, offering faster response to volume changes.
HMA (Hull Moving Average): Combines weighted moving averages to minimize lag while maintaining smoothness.
WMA (Weighted Moving Average): Assigns more weight to recent data, balancing responsiveness and noise reduction.
TMA (Triangular Moving Average): A double-smoothed simple moving average, emphasizing central data points for smoother output.
VIDYA (Variable Index Dynamic Average): Adapts smoothing based on market volatility, using a CMO (Chande Momentum Oscillator) for dynamic weighting. Controlled by the VIDYA Alpha parameter (default: 0.2, range: 0–1), which adjusts sensitivity to volatility.
FRAMA (Fractal Adaptive Moving Average): Adjusts smoothing based on fractal dimensions of the OBV data, adapting to market conditions.
JMA (Jurik Moving Average): A proprietary adaptive average designed for minimal lag and high smoothness. Controlled by two parameters:
JMA Phase (default: 50, range: -100 to 100): Adjusts the balance between responsiveness and smoothness.
JMA Power (default: 1, range: 0.1+): Controls the strength of smoothing.
Input Parameters
OBV MA Length (default: 10): The lookback period for smoothing the OBV. Higher values produce smoother results but increase lag.
OBV MA Type (default: JMA): Selects the moving average type from the eight options listed above.
Line Width (default: 2): Thickness of the OBV line on the chart.
Bullish Color (default: Blue): Color of the OBV line when rising (indicating increasing volume).
Bearish Color (default: Red): Color of the OBV line when falling (indicating decreasing volume).
JMA Phase (default: 50): Adjusts the JMA’s responsiveness (used only when JMA is selected).
JMA Power (default: 1): Adjusts the JMA’s smoothing strength (used only when JMA is selected).
VIDYA Alpha (default: 0.2): Controls the sensitivity of VIDYA to market volatility (used only when VIDYA is selected).
How to Use
Add the indicator to your TradingView chart. It will overlay directly on the price chart, aligned with the price scale.
Adjust the OBV MA Type to select your preferred smoothing method based on your trading style (e.g., JMA for low lag, TMA for smoothness).
Modify the OBV MA Length to balance responsiveness and noise reduction. Shorter periods (e.g., 5–10) are better for short-term trading, while longer periods (e.g., 20–50) suit longer-term analysis.
Use the Bullish Color and Bearish Color to visually distinguish rising and falling volume trends.
For JMA or VIDYA, fine-tune the JMA Phase, JMA Power, or VIDYA Alpha to optimize the indicator for specific market conditions.
Interpret the OBV line in relation to price:
Watch for price pushing the OBV line upward (rising volume) or moving above it (falling volume).
Note crossings of the OBV line to identify balance points and compare with prior crossings to gauge momentum shifts.
Combine with other technical tools (e.g., support/resistance levels, trendlines) for a comprehensive trading strategy.
Notes
This indicator is designed to work on any timeframe and market, but its effectiveness depends on the chosen moving average type and parameters.
Experiment with different MA types and lengths to find the best fit for your trading approach.
The indicator is licensed under the Mozilla Public License 2.0 and copyrighted by TradingStrategyCourses © 2025.
