Heikin Ashi Candle Startegy for Long PositionThis strategy utilize Heikin-Ashi candlestick chart.
Heikin-Ashi technique is a Japanese candlestick-based technical trading tool that uses candlestick charts to represent and visualize market price data.
Heikin-Ashi candle is essentially taking an average of the movement.
There is a tendency with Heikin-Ashi for the candles to stay red during a downtrend and green during an uptrend.
This strategy only apply for long trading position.
The idea is trader will waiting 3 green candles for validation period (confirmation) before entering long position.
Different timeframe will result different result.
Number of validation period can be changed to see different result
This strategy has parameter for take profit percentage, trailing stop and stop loss.
User can set maximum active position to minimize risk and qty order.
This tool is useful for user who wants to backtest Heikin-Ashi trading strategy.
Script will emit alert when long position is opened and closed.
Warning of Backtesting
Backtesting is backward-looking. As the name implies, you are testing how something would have worked if you traded it perfectly in the past.
Past performance does not indicate future performance and you should not assume it does.
Backtesting assumes you never miss-fire, that you get in and out at the exactly perfect moment each time.
Backtesting assumes you have perfect liquidity, and your limit orders fill at a specific, pre-defined price every time (either the open, close, low, high, or some average of these).
Disclaimer
Do your own research and consider fundamental price of asset.
The indicators provided on this script is for educational purposes only.
Author does not offer advisory or brokerage services, nor does it recommend or advise users to buy or sell particular stocks or securities.
Please examined script and give feedback for further improvement.
Script are open to public, everyone see and clone source code or just apply to chart. Please make comment for improvement.
在腳本中搜尋"backtest"
Configurable Multi MA Crossover Voting SystemThis strategy goes long when all fast moving averages that you have defined are above their counterpart slow moving averages.
Long position is closed when profit or loss target is hit and at least one of the fast moving averages is below its counterpart slow moving average.
The format of the config is simple. The format is : FASTxSLOW,FASTxSLOW,...
Example : If you want 2 moving averages fast=9,slow=14 and fast=20,slow=50 you define it like this : 9x14,20x50
Another example : 5x10,10x15,15x20 => means 3 moving average setups : first wih fast=5/slow=10, second with fast=10/slow=15, last with fast=15/slow=20
You can chose the type of moving average : SMA, WMA, VWMA (i got issues with EMA/RMA so i removed them)
You can chose the source of the moving average : high, close, hl2 etc.
You can chose the period on which ATR is calculated and ATR profit/loss factors.
Profit is calculated like : buy_price + atr_factor*atr
Loss is calculated like : buy_price - atr_factor*atr
Performance in backtest is variable depending on the timeframe, the options and the market.
Performance in backtest suggests it works better for higher timeframes like 1d, 4h etc.
Disclaimer
Please remember that past performance may not be indicative of future results.
Due to various factors, including changing market conditions, the strategy may no longer perform as well as in historical backtesting.
This post and the script don’t provide any financial advice.
Noro's SILA v1.6L StrategyBacktesting
Backtesting (for all the time of existence of couple) only with software configurations to default (without optimization of parameters):
US = Uptrend-Sensivity
DS = Downtrend-Sensivity
It is recommended and by default:
- the normal market requires US=DS (for example US=5, DS=5)
- very bear market requires US DS, (for example US=5, DS=0)
- very bull market requires US DS, (US=0, DS=5)
Cryptocurrencies it is very bull market (US=0, DS=5)
Backtesting BTC/FIAT
D1 timeframe
identical parameters for all pairs
BTC/USD (Bitstamp) profit of +41805%
BTC/EUR (BTC-e) profit of +1147%
BTC/RUB (BTC-e) profit of +1162%
BTC/JPY (Bitflyer) profit of +215%
BTC/CNY (BTCChina) profit of 54948%
Backtesting ALTCOIN/BTC
D1 timeframe
identical parameters for all pairs
the exchange Poloniex
top-10 of cryptocurrencies on capitalization at the time of this text
NA = TradingView can't make backtest because of too low price of this cryptocurrency, or on the website there are no quotations of this cryptocurrency
ETH/BTC (Etherium) profit of +11690%
XRP/BTC (Ripple) loss of-100%
LTC/BTC (Litecoin) NA
ETC/BTC (Etherium Classic) profit of +214%
NEM/BTC loss of-49%
DASH/BTC profit of +106%
IOTA/BTC NA
XMR/BTC (Monero) profit of +96%
STRAT/BTC (Stratis) loss of-31%
ALTCOIN/ALTCOIN - not recomended
I don't need your money, I need reputation and likes.
Naive Bayes Candlestick Pattern Classifier v1.1 BETAAn intermezzo on why i made this script publication..
A : Candlestick Pattern took hours to backtest, why not using Machine Learning techniques?
B : Machine Learning, no that's gonna be really heavy bro!
A : Not really, because we use Naive Bayes.
B : The simplest, yet powerful machine learning algorithm to separate (a.k.a classify) multivariate data.
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Hello, everyone!
After deep research in extracting meaningful information from the market, I ended up building this powerful machine learning indicator based on the evolution of Bayesian Statistics. This indicator not only leverages the simplicity of Naive Bayes but also extends its application to candlestick pattern analysis, making it an invaluable tool for traders who are looking to enhance their technical analysis without spending countless hours manually backtesting each pattern on each market!.
What most interesting part is actually after learning all of likely useless methods like fibonacci, supply and demand, volume profile, etc. We always ended up back to basic like support and resistance and candlestick patterns, but with a slight twist on strategy algorithm design and statistical approach. Thus, the only reason why i made this, because i exactly know that you guys will ended up in this position as time goes by.
The essence of this indicator lies in its ability to automate the recognition and statistical evaluation of various candlestick patterns. Traditionally, traders have relied on visual inspection and manual backtesting to determine the effectiveness of patterns like Bullish Engulfing, Bearish Engulfing, Harami variations, Hammer formations, and even more complex multi-candle patterns such as Three White Soldiers, Three Black Crows, Dark Cloud Cover, and Piercing Pattern. However, these conventional methods are both time-consuming and prone to subjective bias.
To address these challenges, I employed Naive Bayes—a probabilistic classifier that, despite its simplicity, offers robust performance in various domains. Naive Bayes assumes that each feature is independent of the others given the class label, which, although a strong assumption, works remarkably well in practice, especially when the dataset is large like market data and the feature space is high-dimensional. In our case, each candlestick pattern acts as a feature that can be statistically evaluated based on its historical performance. The indicator calculates a probability that a given pattern will lead to a price reversal, by comparing the pattern’s close price to the highest or lowest price achieved in a lookahead window.
One of the standout features of this script is its flexibility. Each candlestick pattern is not only coded into the system but also comes with individual toggles to enable or disable them based on your trading strategy. This means you can choose to focus on single-candle patterns like Bullish Engulfing or more complex multi-candle formations such as Three White Soldiers, without modifying the core code. The built-in customization options allow you to adjust colors and labels for each pattern, giving you the freedom to tailor the visual output to your preference. This level of customization ensures that the indicator integrates seamlessly into your existing TradingView setup.
Moreover, the indicator isn’t just about pattern recognition—it also incorporates outcome-based learning. Every time a pattern is detected, it looks ahead a predefined number of bars to evaluate if the expected reversal actually materialized. This outcome is then stored in arrays, and over time, the script dynamically calculates the probability of success for each pattern. These probabilities are presented in a real-time updating table on your chart, which shows not only the percentage probability but also the count of historical occurrences. With this information at your fingertips, you can quickly gauge the reliability of each pattern in your chosen market and timeframe.
Another significant advantage of this approach is its speed and efficiency. While more complex machine learning models like neural networks might require heavy computational resources and longer training times, the Naive Bayes classifier in this script is lightweight, instantaneous and can be updated on the fly with each new bar. This real-time capability is essential for modern traders who need to make quick decisions in fast-paced markets.
Furthermore, by automating the process of backtesting, the indicator frees up your time to focus on other aspects of trading strategy development. Instead of manually analyzing hundreds or even thousands of candles, you can rely on the statistical power of Naive Bayes to provide you with insights on which patterns are most likely to result in profitable moves. This not only enhances your efficiency but also helps to eliminate the cognitive biases that often plague manual analysis.
In summary, this indicator represents a fusion of traditional candlestick analysis with modern machine learning techniques. It harnesses the simplicity and effectiveness of Naive Bayes to deliver a dynamic, real-time evaluation of various candlestick patterns. Whether you are a seasoned trader looking to refine your technical analysis or a beginner eager to understand market dynamics, this tool offers a powerful, customizable, and efficient solution. Welcome to a new era where advanced statistical methods meet practical trading insights—happy trading and may your patterns always be in your favor!
Note : On this current released beta version, you must manually adjust reversal percentage move based on each market. Further updates may include automated best range detection and probability.
RBF Kijun Trend System [InvestorUnknown]The RBF Kijun Trend System utilizes advanced mathematical techniques, including the Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel and Kijun-Sen calculations, to provide traders with a smoother trend-following experience and reduce the impact of noise in price data. This indicator also incorporates ATR to dynamically adjust smoothing and further minimize false signals.
Radial Basis Function (RBF) Kernel Smoothing
The RBF kernel is a mathematical method used to smooth the price series. By calculating weights based on the distance between data points, the RBF kernel ensures smoother transitions and a more refined representation of the price trend.
The RBF Kernel Weighted Moving Average is computed using the formula:
f_rbf_kernel(x, xi, sigma) =>
math.exp(-(math.pow(x - xi, 2)) / (2 * math.pow(sigma, 2)))
The smoothed price is then calculated as a weighted sum of past prices, using the RBF kernel weights:
f_rbf_weighted_average(src, kernel_len, sigma) =>
float total_weight = 0.0
float weighted_sum = 0.0
// Compute weights and sum for the weighted average
for i = 0 to kernel_len - 1
weight = f_rbf_kernel(kernel_len - 1, i, sigma)
total_weight := total_weight + weight
weighted_sum := weighted_sum + (src * weight)
// Check to avoid division by zero
total_weight != 0 ? weighted_sum / total_weight : na
Kijun-Sen Calculation
The Kijun-Sen, a component of Ichimoku analysis, is used here to further establish trends. The Kijun-Sen is computed as the average of the highest high and the lowest low over a specified period (default: 14 periods).
This Kijun-Sen calculation is based on the RBF-smoothed price to ensure smoother and more accurate trend detection.
f_kijun_sen(len, source) =>
math.avg(ta.lowest(source, len), ta.highest(source, len))
ATR-Adjusted RBF and Kijun-Sen
To mitigate false signals caused by price volatility, the indicator features ATR-adjusted versions of both the RBF smoothed price and Kijun-Sen.
The ATR multiplier is used to create upper and lower bounds around these lines, providing dynamic thresholds that account for market volatility.
Neutral State and Trend Continuation
This indicator can interpret a neutral state, where the signal is neither bullish nor bearish. By default, the indicator is set to interpret a neutral state as a continuation of the previous trend, though this can be adjusted to treat it as a truly neutral state.
Users can configure this setting using the signal_str input:
simple string signal_str = input.string("Continuation of Previous Trend", "Treat 0 State As", options = , group = G1)
Visual difference between "Neutral" (Bottom) and "Continuation of Previous Trend" (Top). Click on the picture to see it in full size.
Customizable Inputs and Settings:
Source Selection: Choose the input source for calculations (open, high, low, close, etc.).
Kernel Length and Sigma: Adjust the RBF kernel parameters to change the smoothing effect.
Kijun Length: Customize the lookback period for Kijun-Sen.
ATR Length and Multiplier: Modify these settings to adapt to market volatility.
Backtesting and Performance Metrics
The indicator includes a Backtest Mode, allowing users to evaluate the performance of the strategy using historical data. In Backtest Mode, a performance metrics table is generated, comparing the strategy's results to a simple buy-and-hold approach. Key metrics include mean returns, standard deviation, Sharpe ratio, and more.
Equity Calculation: The indicator calculates equity performance based on signals, comparing it against the buy-and-hold strategy.
Performance Metrics Table: Detailed performance analysis, including probabilities of positive, neutral, and negative returns.
Alerts
To keep traders informed, the indicator supports alerts for significant trend shifts:
// - - - - - ALERTS - - - - - //{
alert_source = sig
bool long_alert = ta.crossover (intrabar ? alert_source : alert_source , 0)
bool short_alert = ta.crossunder(intrabar ? alert_source : alert_source , 0)
alertcondition(long_alert, "LONG (RBF Kijun Trend System)", "RBF Kijun Trend System flipped ⬆LONG⬆")
alertcondition(short_alert, "SHORT (RBF Kijun Trend System)", "RBF Kijun Trend System flipped ⬇Short⬇")
//}
Important Notes
Calibration Needed: The default settings provided are not optimized and are intended for demonstration purposes only. Traders should adjust parameters to fit their trading style and market conditions.
Neutral State Interpretation: Users should carefully choose whether to treat the neutral state as a continuation or a separate signal.
Backtest Results: Historical performance is not indicative of future results. Market conditions change, and past trends may not recur.
Supertrend StrategyThe Supertrend Strategy was created based on the Supertrend and Relative Strength Index (RSI) indicators, widely respected tools in technical analysis. This strategy combines these two indicators to capture market trends with precision and reliability, looking for optimizing exit levels at oversold or overbought price levels.
The Supertrend indicator identifies trend direction based on price and volatility by using the Average True Range (ATR). The ATR measures market volatility by calculating the average range between an asset’s high and low prices over a set period. It provides insight into price fluctuations, with higher ATR values indicating increased volatility and lower values suggesting stability. The Supertrend Indicator plots a line above or below the price, signaling potential buy or sell opportunities: when the price closes above the Supertrend line, an uptrend is indicated, while a close below the line suggests a downtrend. This line shifts as price movements and volatility levels change, acting as both a trailing stop loss and trend confirmation.
To enhance the Supertrend strategy, the Relative Strength Index (RSI) has been added as an exit criterion. As a momentum oscillator, the RSI indicates overbought (usually above 70) or oversold (usually below 30) conditions. This integration allows trades to close when the asset is overbought or oversold, capturing gains before a possible reversal, even if the percentage take profit level has not been reached. This mechanism aims to prevent losses due to market reversals before the Supertrend signal changes.
### Key Features
1. **Entry criteria**:
- The strategy uses the Supertrend indicator calculated by adding or subtracting a multiple of the ATR from the closing price, depending on the trend direction.
- When the price crosses above the Supertrend line, the strategy signals a long (buy) entry. Conversely, when the price crosses below, it signals a short (sell) entry.
- The strategy performs a reversal if there is an open position and a change in the direction of the supertrend occurs
2. **Exit criteria**:
- Take profit of 30% (default) on the average position price.
- Oversold (≤ 5) or overbought (≥ 95) RSI
- Reversal when there is a change in direction of the Supertrend
3. **No Repainting**:
- This strategy is not subject to repainting, as long as the timeframe configured on your chart is the same as the supertrend timeframe .
4. **Position Sizing by Equity and risk management**:
- This strategy has a default configuration to operate with 35% of the equity. At the time of opening the position, the supertrend line is typically positioned at about 12 to 16% of the entry price. This way, the strategy is putting at risk about 16% of 35% of equity, that is, around 5.6% of equity for each trade. The percentage of equity can be adjusted by the user according to their risk management.
5. **Backtest results**:
- This strategy was subjected to deep backtesting and operations in replay mode, including transaction fees of 0.12%, and slippage of 5 ticks.
- The past results in deep backtest and replay mode were compatible and profitable (Variable results depending on the take profit used, supertrend and RSI parameters). However, it should be noted that few operations were evaluated, since the currency in question has been created for a short time and the frequency of operations is relatively small.
- Past results are no guarantee of future results. The strategy's backtest results may even be due to overfitting with past data.
Default Settings
Chart timeframe: 2h
Supertrend Factor: 3.42
ATR period: 14
Supertrend timeframe: 2 h
RSI timeframe: 15 min
RSI Lenght: 5 min
RSI Upper limit: 95
RSI Lower Limit: 5
Take Profit: 30%
BYBIT:1000000MOGUSDT.P
BreakoutTrendFollowingINFO:
The "BreakoutTrendFollowing" indicator is a comprehensive trading system designed for trend-following in various market environments. It combines multiple technical indicators, including Moving Averages (MA), MACD, and RSI,
along with volume analysis and breakout detection from consolidation, to identify potential entry points in trending markets. This strategy is particularly effective for assets that exhibit strong trends and significant price movements.
Note that using the consolidation filter reduces the amount of entries the strategy detects significantly, and needs to be used if we want to have an increased confidence in the trend via breakout.
However, the strategy can be easily transformed to various only trend-following strategies, by applying different filters and configurations.
The indicator can be used to connect to the Signal input of the TTS (TempalteTradingStrategy) by jason5480 in order to backtest it, thus effectively turning it into a strategy (instructions below in TTS CONNECTIVITY section)
DETAILS:
The strategy's core is built upon several key components:
Moving Average (MA): Used to determine the general trend direction. The strategy checks if the price is above the selected MA type and length.
MACD Filter: Analyzes the relationship between two moving averages to confirm the trend's momentum.
Consolidation Detection: Identifies periods of price consolidation and triggers trades on breakouts from these ranges.
Volume Analysis: Assesses trading volume to confirm the strength and validity of the breakout.
RSI: Used to avoid overbought conditions, ensuring trades are entered in favorable market situations.
Wick filters: make sure there is not a long wick that indicates selling pressure from above
The strategy generates buy signals when several conditions are met concurrently (each one of them can be individually enabled/disabled)"
The price is above the selected MA.
A breakout occurs from a configurable consolidation range.
The MACD line is above the signal line, indicating bullish momentum.
The RSI is below the overbought threshold.
There's an increase in trading volume, confirming the breakout's strength.
Currently the strategy fires SL signals, as the approach is to check for loss of momentum - i.e. crossunder of the MACD line and signal line, but that is to everyone to determine the exit conditions.
The buy and SL signals are set on the chart using green or orange triangles on the below/above the price action.
SETTINGS:
Users can customize various parameters, including MA type and period, MACD settings, consolidation length, and volume increase percentage. The strategy is equipped with alert conditions for both entry (buy signals) and exit (set stop loss) points, facilitating both manual and automated trading.
Each one of the technical indicators, as well as the consilidation range and breakout/wick settings can be configured and enabled/disabled individually.
Please thoroughly review the available settings of the script, but here is an outline of the most important ones:
Use bar wicks (instead of open/close) - the ref_high/low will be taken based on the bar wicks, rather than the open/close when determining the breakout and MA
Enter position only on green candles - additional filters to make sure that we enter only on strong momentum
MA Filter: (enable, source, type, length) - general settings for MA filter to be checked against the stock price (close or upper wick)
MACD Filter: (enable, source, Osc MA type, Signal MA type, Fast MA length, Slow MA length, Low MACD Hist) - detailed settings for fine MACD tuning
Consolidation:
Consolidation Type: we have two different ways of detecting the consolidation, note the types below.
CONSOLIDATION_BASIC - consolidation areas by looking for the pivot point of a trend and counts the number of bars that have not broken the consolidation high/low levels.
CONSOLIDATIO_RANGE_PERCENT - identifies consolidation by comparing the range between the highest and lowest price points over a specified period.
So in summary the CONSOLIDATIO_RANGE_PERCENT uses a percentage-based range to define consolidation, while CONSOLIDATION_BASIC uses a count of bars within a high-low range to establish consolidation.
Thus the former is more focused on the tightness of the price range, whereas the latter emphasizes the duration of the consolidation phase.
The CONSOLIDATIO_RANGE_PERCENT might be more sensitive to recent price movements and suitable for shorter-term analysis, while CONSOLIDATION_BASIC could be better for identifying longer-term consolidation patterns.
Min consolidation length - applicable for CONSOLIDATION_BASIC case, the min number of bars for the price to be in the range to consider consolidation
Consolidation Loopback period - applicable for CONSOLIDATION_BASIC case, the loopback number of bars to look for consolidation
Consolidation Range percent - applicable for CONSOLIDATIO_RANGE_PERCENT, the percent between the high and low in the range to consider consolidation
Plot consolidation - enables plotting of the consolidation (only for debug purposes)
Breakout: (enable, low, high) - the definition of the breakout from the previous consolidation range, the price should be between to determine the breakout as successfull
Upper wick: (enable, percent) - defines the percent of the upper wick compared to the whole candle to allow breakout (if the wick is too big part of the candle we can consider entering the position riskier)
RSI: (enable, length, overbought) - general settings for RSI TA
Volume (enbale, percentage increase, average volume filter en, loopback bars) - percentage of increase of the volume to consider for a breakout. There are two modes - percentage increase compared to the previous bar, or percentage against the average volume for the last loopback bars.
Note that there are many different configuration that you can play with, and I believe this is the strength of the strategy, as it can provide a single solution for different cases and scenarios.
My advice is to try and play with the different options for different markets based on the approach you want to implement and try turning features on/off and tuning them further.
TTS SETTINGS (NEEDED IF USED TO BACKTEST WITH TTS):
The TempalteTradingStrategy is a strategy script developed in Pine by jason5480, which I recommend for quick turn-around of testing different ideas on a proven and tested framework
I cannot give enough credit to the developer for the efforts put in building of the infrastructure, so I advice everyone that wants to use it first to get familiar with the concept and by checking
by checking jason5480's profile www.tradingview.com
The TTS itself is extremely functional and have a lot of properties, so its functionality is beyond the scope of the current script -
Again, I strongly recommend to be thoroughly explored by everyone that plans on using it.
In the nutshell it is a script that can be feed with buy/sell signals from an external indicator script and based on many configuration options it can determine how to execute the trades.
The TTS has many settings that can be applied, so below I will cover only the ones that differ from the default ones, at least according to my testing - do your own research, you may find something even better :)
The current/latest version that I've been using as of writing and testing this script is TTSv48
Settings which differ from the default ones:
Deal Conditions Mode - External (take enter/exit conditions from an external script)
🔌Signal 🛈➡ - BreakoutTrendFollowing: 🔌Signal to TTS (this is the output from the indicator script, according to the TTS convention)
Order Type - STOP (perform stop order)
Distance Method - HHLL (HigherHighLowerLow - in order to set the SL according to the strategy definition from above)
The next are just personal preferences, you can feel free to experiment according to your trading style
Take Profit Targets - 0 (either 100% in or out, no incremental stepping in or out of positions)
Dist Mul|Len Long/Short- 10 (make sure that we don't close on profitable trades by any reason)
Quantity Method - EQUITY (personal backtesting preference is to consider each backtest as a separate portfolio, so determine the position size by 100% of the allocated equity size)
Equity % - 100 (note above)
Drip's 11am rule breakout/breakdown (OG)This indicator is based on Drippy2hard's 11:30 am (EST) rule.
In simple terms the rule states that:
If a trending stock makes a new high after 11:15-11:30am EST, there is a 75% chance of closing within 1% of High of day (HOD). Same applies for downtrend.
Please note:
Not all stocks will abide by this, this is backtested on stocks with avg daily volume > 2M and mostly mega cap stocks which have liquid option chains. The backtesting results show very promising results on $SPY/ $SPX so it is advised to trade $SPY/ $SPX using this indicator over any other stocks.
Although the name suggests 11 AM rule, the backtesting shows higher win rate for 11:30 AM so please select that option in the settings.
As always, no indicator is perfect and please follow your risk management and understand that indicators are tools to aid your trading and by no means they are supposed to work as intended in all scenarios
How the script works
1. A HOD/LOD zone is identified based on regular session (9:30am-11:30am) EST. Users can select cut off time to 11AM in the settings. These will be indicated on chart after 11/11:30pm depending on what user selected
2. If the stock breaks above the HOD and the ADX is showing strong momentum to upside then the candlesticks will start showing neon color, if the trend based on moving averages and candle closing is also bullish then the indicator will show trend arrows under the candle indicating to stay in the trade. Same applies for break below LOD, only the colors will change to represent downtrend.
3. An optional cloud is also shown if the trend is developed. The cloud can be used as trail stop or re entry point as long as it is displayed on chart
How to use the indicator in trading
In general, there are three scenarios which are trade worthy
1. If the stocks breaks out above the HOD zone and up trend develops or the stocks breaks below the LOD zone and downtrend develops. See images below
2. You can also use the LOD/HOD zone as demand/ supply if the Price action is range bound like this example below
Thanks for reading, please give thumbs up if you like using it! Please post comments on how to use it.
Tailored-Custom Hamonic Patterns█ OVERVIEW
We have included by default 3 known Patterns. The Bat, the Butterfly and the Gartley. But have you ever wondered how effective other,
not yet known models could be? Don't ask yourself the question anymore, it's time to find out for yourself! You have the option to customize
your own Patterns with the Backtesting tool and set Retracement Ratios and Targets for your own Patterns. In addition to this, in order to determine
the Trend at a glance and make Pattern detection more efficient, we have linked the calculation of Patterns to Bands of several types to choose
from (Bollinger, Keltner, Donchian) that you can select from a drop-down menu in the settings and play with the Multiplier
and the Adaptive Length of the Patterns to see how it affects the success rate in the Backtesting table.
█ HOW DOES IT WORK?
- Harmonic Patterns
-Pattern Names, Colors, Style etc… Everything is customizable.
-Dynamic Adaptative Length with Min/Max Length.
- XAB/ABC Ratio
-Min/Max XAB/ABC Configurable Ratio for each Pattern to create your own Patterns.
(This is really the particular option of this Indicator, because it allows you to be able to Backtest in real time
after having played at configuring your own Ratios)
- Bands
-Contrary to the original logic of the HeWhoMustNotBeNamed script, here when the price breaks out of the upper Bands
(example, Bollinger band, Keltner Channel or Donchian Channel) , with a predetermined Minimum and Maximum Length and Multiplier, we can consider
the Trend to be Bearish (and not Bullish) and similarly when the price breaks down in the lower band, we can consider the Trend
to be Bullish (not Bearish) . We have also added the middle line of the Channels (which can be useful for 'Scalper' type Traders.
-The Length of the Bands Filter is directly related to the Dynamic Length of the Patterns.
-You can use a drop-down menu to select from the following Bands Filters :
SMA, EMA, HMA, RMA, WMA, VWMA, HIGH/LOW, LINREG, MEDIAN.
-Sticky and Adaptive Bands options has been included.
- Projections
-BD/CD Projection Ratio configurable for each Pattern.
(Projections are visible as Dotted Lines which we can choose to Extend or not)
- Targets
-Target, PRZ and Stop Levels are set to optimal values based on individual Patterns. (The PRZ Level corresponds to point D
of the detected Pattern so its value should always be 0) but you can change the Targets value (defined in %) as you wish.
Again here, you have the option to fully configure the Style and Extend the Lines or not.
- Backtesting Table
-As said previously, with the possibility of testing the Success Rate of each of the 3 Customizable Patterns,
this option is part of the logic of this Indicator.
- Alerts
-We originally believe that this Indicator does not even need Alerts. But we still decided to include at least one Alert
that you can set for when a new Pattern is detected.
█ NOTES
Thanks to HeWhoMustNotBeNamed for his permission to reuse some part of his zigzag scripts.
Remember to only make a decision once you are sure of your analysis. Good trading sessions to everyone and don't forget,
risk management remains the most important!
Machine Learning: Lorentzian Classification█ OVERVIEW
A Lorentzian Distance Classifier (LDC) is a Machine Learning classification algorithm capable of categorizing historical data from a multi-dimensional feature space. This indicator demonstrates how Lorentzian Classification can also be used to predict the direction of future price movements when used as the distance metric for a novel implementation of an Approximate Nearest Neighbors (ANN) algorithm.
█ BACKGROUND
In physics, Lorentzian space is perhaps best known for its role in describing the curvature of space-time in Einstein's theory of General Relativity (2). Interestingly, however, this abstract concept from theoretical physics also has tangible real-world applications in trading.
Recently, it was hypothesized that Lorentzian space was also well-suited for analyzing time-series data (4), (5). This hypothesis has been supported by several empirical studies that demonstrate that Lorentzian distance is more robust to outliers and noise than the more commonly used Euclidean distance (1), (3), (6). Furthermore, Lorentzian distance was also shown to outperform dozens of other highly regarded distance metrics, including Manhattan distance, Bhattacharyya similarity, and Cosine similarity (1), (3). Outside of Dynamic Time Warping based approaches, which are unfortunately too computationally intensive for PineScript at this time, the Lorentzian Distance metric consistently scores the highest mean accuracy over a wide variety of time series data sets (1).
Euclidean distance is commonly used as the default distance metric for NN-based search algorithms, but it may not always be the best choice when dealing with financial market data. This is because financial market data can be significantly impacted by proximity to major world events such as FOMC Meetings and Black Swan events. This event-based distortion of market data can be framed as similar to the gravitational warping caused by a massive object on the space-time continuum. For financial markets, the analogous continuum that experiences warping can be referred to as "price-time".
Below is a side-by-side comparison of how neighborhoods of similar historical points appear in three-dimensional Euclidean Space and Lorentzian Space:
This figure demonstrates how Lorentzian space can better accommodate the warping of price-time since the Lorentzian distance function compresses the Euclidean neighborhood in such a way that the new neighborhood distribution in Lorentzian space tends to cluster around each of the major feature axes in addition to the origin itself. This means that, even though some nearest neighbors will be the same regardless of the distance metric used, Lorentzian space will also allow for the consideration of historical points that would otherwise never be considered with a Euclidean distance metric.
Intuitively, the advantage inherent in the Lorentzian distance metric makes sense. For example, it is logical that the price action that occurs in the hours after Chairman Powell finishes delivering a speech would resemble at least some of the previous times when he finished delivering a speech. This may be true regardless of other factors, such as whether or not the market was overbought or oversold at the time or if the macro conditions were more bullish or bearish overall. These historical reference points are extremely valuable for predictive models, yet the Euclidean distance metric would miss these neighbors entirely, often in favor of irrelevant data points from the day before the event. By using Lorentzian distance as a metric, the ML model is instead able to consider the warping of price-time caused by the event and, ultimately, transcend the temporal bias imposed on it by the time series.
For more information on the implementation details of the Approximate Nearest Neighbors (ANN) algorithm used in this indicator, please refer to the detailed comments in the source code.
█ HOW TO USE
Below is an explanatory breakdown of the different parts of this indicator as it appears in the interface:
Below is an explanation of the different settings for this indicator:
General Settings:
Source - This has a default value of "hlc3" and is used to control the input data source.
Neighbors Count - This has a default value of 8, a minimum value of 1, a maximum value of 100, and a step of 1. It is used to control the number of neighbors to consider.
Max Bars Back - This has a default value of 2000.
Feature Count - This has a default value of 5, a minimum value of 2, and a maximum value of 5. It controls the number of features to use for ML predictions.
Color Compression - This has a default value of 1, a minimum value of 1, and a maximum value of 10. It is used to control the compression factor for adjusting the intensity of the color scale.
Show Exits - This has a default value of false. It controls whether to show the exit threshold on the chart.
Use Dynamic Exits - This has a default value of false. It is used to control whether to attempt to let profits ride by dynamically adjusting the exit threshold based on kernel regression.
Feature Engineering Settings:
Note: The Feature Engineering section is for fine-tuning the features used for ML predictions. The default values are optimized for the 4H to 12H timeframes for most charts, but they should also work reasonably well for other timeframes. By default, the model can support features that accept two parameters (Parameter A and Parameter B, respectively). Even though there are only 4 features provided by default, the same feature with different settings counts as two separate features. If the feature only accepts one parameter, then the second parameter will default to EMA-based smoothing with a default value of 1. These features represent the most effective combination I have encountered in my testing, but additional features may be added as additional options in the future.
Feature 1 - This has a default value of "RSI" and options are: "RSI", "WT", "CCI", "ADX".
Feature 2 - This has a default value of "WT" and options are: "RSI", "WT", "CCI", "ADX".
Feature 3 - This has a default value of "CCI" and options are: "RSI", "WT", "CCI", "ADX".
Feature 4 - This has a default value of "ADX" and options are: "RSI", "WT", "CCI", "ADX".
Feature 5 - This has a default value of "RSI" and options are: "RSI", "WT", "CCI", "ADX".
Filters Settings:
Use Volatility Filter - This has a default value of true. It is used to control whether to use the volatility filter.
Use Regime Filter - This has a default value of true. It is used to control whether to use the trend detection filter.
Use ADX Filter - This has a default value of false. It is used to control whether to use the ADX filter.
Regime Threshold - This has a default value of -0.1, a minimum value of -10, a maximum value of 10, and a step of 0.1. It is used to control the Regime Detection filter for detecting Trending/Ranging markets.
ADX Threshold - This has a default value of 20, a minimum value of 0, a maximum value of 100, and a step of 1. It is used to control the threshold for detecting Trending/Ranging markets.
Kernel Regression Settings:
Trade with Kernel - This has a default value of true. It is used to control whether to trade with the kernel.
Show Kernel Estimate - This has a default value of true. It is used to control whether to show the kernel estimate.
Lookback Window - This has a default value of 8 and a minimum value of 3. It is used to control the number of bars used for the estimation. Recommended range: 3-50
Relative Weighting - This has a default value of 8 and a step size of 0.25. It is used to control the relative weighting of time frames. Recommended range: 0.25-25
Start Regression at Bar - This has a default value of 25. It is used to control the bar index on which to start regression. Recommended range: 0-25
Display Settings:
Show Bar Colors - This has a default value of true. It is used to control whether to show the bar colors.
Show Bar Prediction Values - This has a default value of true. It controls whether to show the ML model's evaluation of each bar as an integer.
Use ATR Offset - This has a default value of false. It controls whether to use the ATR offset instead of the bar prediction offset.
Bar Prediction Offset - This has a default value of 0 and a minimum value of 0. It is used to control the offset of the bar predictions as a percentage from the bar high or close.
Backtesting Settings:
Show Backtest Results - This has a default value of true. It is used to control whether to display the win rate of the given configuration.
█ WORKS CITED
(1) R. Giusti and G. E. A. P. A. Batista, "An Empirical Comparison of Dissimilarity Measures for Time Series Classification," 2013 Brazilian Conference on Intelligent Systems, Oct. 2013, DOI: 10.1109/bracis.2013.22.
(2) Y. Kerimbekov, H. Ş. Bilge, and H. H. Uğurlu, "The use of Lorentzian distance metric in classification problems," Pattern Recognition Letters, vol. 84, 170–176, Dec. 2016, DOI: 10.1016/j.patrec.2016.09.006.
(3) A. Bagnall, A. Bostrom, J. Large, and J. Lines, "The Great Time Series Classification Bake Off: An Experimental Evaluation of Recently Proposed Algorithms." ResearchGate, Feb. 04, 2016.
(4) H. Ş. Bilge, Yerzhan Kerimbekov, and Hasan Hüseyin Uğurlu, "A new classification method by using Lorentzian distance metric," ResearchGate, Sep. 02, 2015.
(5) Y. Kerimbekov and H. Şakir Bilge, "Lorentzian Distance Classifier for Multiple Features," Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Applications and Methods, 2017, DOI: 10.5220/0006197004930501.
(6) V. Surya Prasath et al., "Effects of Distance Measure Choice on KNN Classifier Performance - A Review." .
█ ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
@veryfid - For many invaluable insights, discussions, and advice that helped to shape this project.
@capissimo - For open sourcing his interesting ideas regarding various KNN implementations in PineScript, several of which helped inspire my original undertaking of this project.
@RikkiTavi - For many invaluable physics-related conversations and for his helping me develop a mechanism for visualizing various distance algorithms in 3D using JavaScript
@jlaurel - For invaluable literature recommendations that helped me to understand the underlying subject matter of this project.
@annutara - For help in beta-testing this indicator and for sharing many helpful ideas and insights early on in its development.
@jasontaylor7 - For helping to beta-test this indicator and for many helpful conversations that helped to shape my backtesting workflow
@meddymarkusvanhala - For helping to beta-test this indicator
@dlbnext - For incredibly detailed backtesting testing of this indicator and for sharing numerous ideas on how the user experience could be improved.
Simple SuperTrend Strategy for BTCUSD 4HHello guys!, If you are a swing trader and you are looking for a simple trend strategy, you should check this one. Based in the supertrend indicator, this strategy will help you to catch big movements in BTCUSD 4H and avoid losses as much as possible in consolidated situations of the market
This strategy was designed for BTCUSD in 4H timeframe
Backtesting context: 2020-01-02 to 2023-01-05 (The strategy has also worked in previous years)
Trade conditions:
Rules are actually simple, the most important thing is the risk and position management of this strategy
For long:
Once Supertrend changes from a downtrend to a uptrend, you enter into a long position. The stop loss will be defined by the atr stop loss
The first profit will be of 0.75 risk/reward ratio where half position will be closed. When this happens, you move the stop loss to break even.
Now, just will be there two situations:
Once Supertrend changes from a uptrend to a downtrend, you close the other half of the initial long position.
If price goes againts the position, the position will be closed due to breakeven.
For short:
Once Supertrend changes from a uptrend to a downtrend, you enter into a short position. The stop loss will be defined by the atr stop loss
The first profit will be of 0.75 risk/reward ratio where half position will be closed. When this happens, you move the stop loss to break even.
Like in the long position, just will be there two situations:
Once Supertrend changes from a downtrend to a uptrend, you close the other half of the initial short position.
If price goes againts the position, the position will be closed due to breakeven.
Risk management
For calculate the amount of the position you will use just a small percent of your initial capital for the strategy and you will use the atr stop loss for this.
Example: You have 1000 usd and you just want to risk 2,5% of your account, there is a long signal at price of 20,000 usd. The stop loss price from atr stop loss is 19,000. You calculate the distance in percent between 20,000 and 19,000. In this case, that distance would be of 5,0%. Then, you calculate your position by this way: (initial or current capital * risk per trade of your account) / (stop loss distance).
Using these values on the formula: (1000*2,5%)/(5,0%) = 500usd. It means, you have to use 500 usd for risking 2.5% of your account.
We will use this risk management for apply compound interest.
Script functions
Inside of settings, you will find some utilities for display atr stop loss, supertrend or positions.
You will find the settings for risk management at the end of the script if you want to change something. But rebember, do not change values from indicators, the idea is to not over optimize the strategy.
If you want to change the initial capital for backtest the strategy, go to properties, and also enter the commisions of your exchange and slippage for more realistic results.
Signals meanings:
L for long position. CL for close long position.
S for short position. CS for close short position.
Tp for take profit (it also appears when the position is closed due to stop loss, this due to the script uses two kind of positions)
Exit due to break even or due to stop loss
Some things to consider
USE UNDER YOUR OWN RISK. PAST RESULTS DO NOT REPRESENT THE FUTURE.
DEPENDING OF % ACCOUNT RISK PER TRADE, YOU COULD REQUIRE LEVERAGE FOR OPEN SOME POSITIONS, SO PLEASE, BE CAREFULL AND USE CORRECTLY THE RISK MANAGEMENT
The amount of trades closed in the backtest are not exactly the real ones. If you want to know the real ones, go to settings and change % of trade for first take profit to 100 for getting the real ones. In the backtest, the real amount of opened trades was of 194.
Indicators used:
Supertrend
Atr stop loss by garethyeo
This is the fist strategy that I publish in tradingview, I will be glad with you for any suggestion, support or advice for future scripts. Do not doubt in make any question you have and if you liked this content, leave a boost. I plan to bring more strategies and useful content for you!
Grid Strategy Back Tester (Long/Short/Neutral)Preface
I'd like to send a thank you to @xxattaxx-DisDev.
The 'Line' Code, which was the most difficult to plan the Grid Indicator, was solved through the 'Grid Bot Simulator' script of @xxattaxx-DisDev.
A brief description of the indicators
These indicators are designed for backtesting of grid trading that can be opened on various exchanges.
Grid trading is a method of selling at particular intervals as prices rise and fall for gird interval price range.
This indicator is actually designed to see what the Long / Short / Neutral grid has achieved and how much it has achieved over a given period of time.
How to use
1. Lower Limit and Upper Limit are required when putting indicators on the chart.
After that, choose the 'Time' when to open the grid.
Also, select Long / Short / Neutral direction if necessary.
2. Statistics Table
Matched Grid shows how many grid pairs were engaged during the backtesting period.
The Daily Average Matching Profit is calculated based on the number of these closed grids.
Total Matching Profit is calculated as Matching Grid * Per Matching Profit.
Position Profit/Loss shows the benefits and losses from your current position.
Total Profit/Loss is sum of Total Matching Profit and Position Profit/Loss.
The Expanded APY shows the benefits of running the strategy on these terms for a year.
Max Loss of Upper is the maximum loss assumed to be directly at the top of the grid range.
BEP days (Upper) show how many days of maintenance relative to Average Matching Profit can result in greater profit than maximum loss if the grid continues to move within range.
(In the case of Long Strategy, it appears to be 'Min Profit', which shows minimal benefit if it reaches the top.)
Max Loss of Lower and BEP days (Lower) shows the opposite.
(In the case of Short Strategy, it is also referred to as 'Min Profit', which shows minimal benefit if it reaches the bottom.)
3. Grid Info
Total Grid Number, Upper Limit, and Lower Limit show the values you set in INPUT.
Grid Open Price shows the price for the period you decide to open.
Starting Position shows the number of positions that were initially held in the case of a Long / Short Strategy.
(0 for Neutral Strategy)
Per Grid qty shows how many positions are allocated to one grid
Grid Interval shows the spacing of each grid.
Per Matched Profit shows how much profit is generated when a single grid is matched.
Caution
Backtesting results for these indicators may vary depending on the time frame.
Therefore, I recommend that you use it only to compare Profit/Loss over time.
*In addition, there is a problem that all lines in the grid are not implemented, but it is independent of the backtest results.
--------------------------------------
서문
지표를 기획함에 있어서 가장 어려웠던 line 코드를 @xxattaxx-DisDev의 'Grid Bot Simulator' 스크립트를 통해 해결할 수 있었습니다.
이에 감사의 말씀을 드립니다.
해당 지표에 대한 간단한 설명
해당 지표는 다양한 거래소에서 오픈할 수 있는 그리드 매매에 대한 백테스팅을 위해 만들어졌습니다.
그리드매매는, 특정 가격 구간에 대해 가격이 오르고 내림에 따라 일정 간격에 맞춰 매매를 하는 방식입니다.
이 지표는 실질적으로 롱/숏/중립 그리드가 어떠한 성과를, 특정 기간동안 얼마나 냈는지를 확인하고자 만들어졌습니다.
사용방법
1. 인풋
지표를 차트위에 넣을 때, Lower Limit과 Upper Limit이 필요합니다.
그 후 그리드를 언제부터 오픈할 것인지를 선택하세요.
또, 필요하다면 Long / Short / Neutral의 방향을 선택하세요.
2. 그리드 통계
Matched Grid는, 백테스팅 기간동안 체결된 그리드 쌍이 몇개인지를 보여줍니다.
이 체결된 그리드의 갯수를 바탕으로 Daily Average Matched Profit이 계산됩니다.
Total Matched Profit은, Matched Grid * Per Matched Profit으로 계산됩니다.
Position Profit/Loss는, 현재 갖고 있는 포지션으로 인한 이익과 손실을 보여줍니다.
Total Matched Profit과 Position Profit/Loss를 합친 금액이 Total Profit/Loss가 됩니다.
Expcted APY는, 이러한 조건으로 전략을 1년동안 운영했을 때의 이익을 보여줍니다.
Max Loss of Upper는, 그리드 범위의 최상단에 바로 도달했을 경우를 가정한 최대 손실입니다.
BEP days(Upper)는, 그리드가 범위 내에서 계속 움직일 경우, Average Matched Profit을 기준으로 며칠동안 유지되어야 최대손실보다 더 큰 이익이 발생할 수 있는지를 보여줍니다.
(Long Strategy의 경우, ‘Min Profit’이라고 나타나는데, 최상단에 도달했을 경우 최소한의 이익을 보여줍니다)
Max Loss of Lower는 그 반대의 경우를 보여줍니다.
(Short Strategy의 경우, 역시 ‘Min Profit’이라고 나타나는데, 최하단에 도착했을 경우 최소한의 이익을 보여줍니다)
3. 그리드 정보
그리드 갯수, Upper Limt, Lower Limt은 자신이 설정한 값을 보여줍니다.
Grid Open Price는, 자신이 오픈하기로 정했던 기간의 가격을 보여줍니다.
Starting Position은, 롱/숏 그리드의 경우에 처음에 들고 시작했던 포지션의 갯수를 보여줍니다.
Neutral Strategy의 경우 0입니다.
Per Grid qty는, 하나의 그리드에 얼마만큼의 포지션이 배분되었는지를 보여주며
Grid Interval은 각 그리드의 간격을 보여줍니다.
또, Per Matched Profit은 하나의 그리드가 체결될 때 얼마만큼의 이익이 발생하는 지를 보여줍니다.
이러한 지표에 대한 역테스트 결과는 시간 프레임에 따라 달라질 수 있습니다.
따라서 시간 경과에 따른 손익을 비교할 때만 사용하는 것이 좋습니다.
*추가로, 그리드의 라인이 모두 구현되지 않는 문제가 있지만, 백테스팅 결과와는 무관합니다.
Linear EDCA v1.2Strategy Description:
Linear EDCA (Linear Enhanced Dollar Cost Averaging) is an enhanced version of the DCA fixed investment strategy. It has the following features:
1. Take the 1100-day SMA as a reference indicator, enter the buy range below the moving average, and enter the sell range above the moving average
2. The order to buy and sell is carried out at different "speed", which are set with two linear functions, and you can change the slope of the linear function to achieve different trading position control purposes
3. This fixed investment is a low-frequency strategy and only works on a daily level cycle
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Strategy backtest performance:
BTCUSD (September 2014~September 2022): Net profit margin 26378%, maximum floating loss 47.12% (2015-01-14)
ETHUSD (August 2018~September 2022): Net profit margin 1669%, maximum floating loss 49.63% (2018-12-14)
----------------
How the strategy works:
Buying Conditions:
The closing price of the day is below the 1100 SMA, and the ratio of buying positions is determined by the deviation of the closing price from the moving average and the buySlope parameter
Selling Conditions:
The closing price of the day is above the 1100 SMA, and the ratio of the selling position is determined by the deviation of the closing price and the moving average and the sellSlope parameter
special case:
When the sellOffset parameter>0, it will maintain a small buy within a certain range above the 1100 SMA to avoid prematurely starting to sell
The maximum ratio of a single buy position does not exceed defInvestRatio * maxBuyRate
The maximum ratio of a single sell position does not exceed defInvestRatio * maxSellRate
----------------
Version Information:
Current version v1.2 (the first officially released version)
v1.2 version setting parameter description:
defInvestRatio: The default fixed investment ratio, the strategy will calculate the position ratio of a single fixed investment based on this ratio and a linear function. The default 0.025 represents 2.5% of the position
buySlope: the slope of the linear function of the order to buy, used to control the position ratio of a single buy
sellSlope: the slope of the linear function of the order to sell, used to control the position ratio of a single sell
sellOffset: The offset of the order to sell. If it is greater than 0, it will keep a small buy within a certain range to avoid starting to sell too early
maxSellRate: Controls the maximum sell multiple. The maximum ratio of a single sell position does not exceed defInvestRatio * maxSellRate
maxBuyRate: Controls the maximum buy multiple. The maximum ratio of a single buy position does not exceed defInvestRatio * maxBuyRate
maPeriod: the length of the moving average, 1100-day MA is used by default
smoothing: moving average smoothing algorithm, SMA is used by default
useDateFilter: Whether to specify a date range when backtesting
settleOnEnd: If useDateFilter==true, whether to close the position after the end date
startDate: If useDateFilter==true, specify the backtest start date
endDate: If useDateFilter==true, specify the end date of the backtest
investDayofweek: Invest on the day of the week, the default is to close on Monday
intervalDays: The minimum number of days between each invest. Since it is calculated on a weekly basis, this number must be 7 or a multiple of 7
The v1.2 version data window indicator description (only important indicators are listed):
MA: 1100-day SMA
RoR%: floating profit and loss of the current position
maxLoss%: The maximum floating loss of the position. Note that this floating loss represents the floating loss of the position, and does not represent the floating loss of the overall account. For example, the current position is 1%, the floating loss is 50%, the overall account floating loss is 0.5%, but the position floating loss is 50%
maxGain%: The maximum floating profit of the position. Note that this floating profit represents the floating profit of the position, and does not represent the floating profit of the overall account.
positionPercent%: position percentage
positionAvgPrice: position average holding cost
--------------------------------
策略说明：
Linear EDCA（Linear Enhanced Dollar Cost Averaging）是一个DCA定投策略的增强版本，它具有如下特性：
1. 以1100日SMA均线作为参考指标，在均线以下进入定买区间，在均线以上进入定卖区间
2. 定买和定卖以不同的“速率”进行，它们用两条线性函数设定，并且你可以通过改变线性函数的斜率，以达到不同的买卖仓位控制的目的
3. 本定投作为低频策略，只在日级别周期工作
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策略回测表现：
BTCUSD（2014年09月~2022年09月）：净利润率26378%，最大浮亏47.12%（2015-01-14）
ETHUSD（2018年08~2022年09月）：净利润率1669%，最大浮亏49.63%（2018-12-14）
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策略工作原理：
买入条件：
当日收盘价在 1100 SMA 之下，由收盘价和均线的偏离度，以及buySlope参数决定买入仓位比例
卖出条件：
当日收盘价在 1100 SMA之上，由收盘价和均线的偏离度，以及sellSlope参数决定卖出仓位比例
特例：
当sellOffset参数>0，则在 1100 SMA以上一定范围内还会保持小幅买入，避免过早开始卖出
单次买入仓位比例最大不超过 defInvestRatio * maxBuyRate
单次卖出仓位比例最大不超过 defInvestRatio * maxSellRate
----------------
版本信息：
当前版本v1.2（第一个正式发布的版本）
v1.2版本设置参数说明：
defInvestRatio: 默认定投比例，策略会根据此比例和线性函数计算得出单次定投的仓位比例。默认0.025代表2.5%仓位
buySlope: 定买的线性函数斜率，用来控制单次买入的仓位倍率
sellSlope: 定卖的线性函数斜率，用来控制单次卖出的仓位倍率
sellOffset: 定卖的偏移度，如果大于0，则在一定范围内还会保持小幅买入，避免过早开始卖出
maxSellRate: 控制最大卖出倍率。单次卖出仓位比例最大不超过 defInvestRatio * maxSellRate
maxBuyRate: 控制最大买入倍率。单次买入仓位比例最大不超过 defInvestRatio * maxBuyRate
maPeriod: 均线长度，默认使用1100日MA
smoothing: 均线平滑算法，默认使用SMA
useDateFilter: 回测时是否要指定日期范围
settleOnEnd: 如果useDateFilter==true，在结束日之后是否平仓所持有的仓位平仓
startDate: 如果useDateFilter==true，指定回测开始日期
endDate: 如果useDateFilter==true，指定回测结束日期
investDayofweek: 每次在周几定投，默认在每周一收盘
intervalDays: 每次定投之间的最小间隔天数，由于是按周计算，所以此数字必须是7或7的倍数
v1.2版本数据窗口指标说明（只列出重要指标）：
MA：1100日SMA
RoR%: 当前仓位的浮动盈亏
maxLoss%: 仓位曾经的最大浮动亏损，注意此浮亏代表持仓仓位的浮亏情况，并不代表整体账户浮亏情况。例如当前仓位是1%，浮亏50%，整体账户浮亏是0.5%，但仓位浮亏是50%
maxGain%: 仓位曾经的最大浮动盈利，注意此浮盈代表持仓仓位的浮盈情况，并不代表整体账户浮盈情况。
positionPercent%: 仓位持仓占比
positionAvgPrice: 仓位平均持仓成本
EHMA Range StrategyThis script is a modified version of @borserman's script for the Exponential Hull Moving Average
All credit for the EHMA goes to him :)
In addition to the EHMA, this script works with a range around the EHMA (which can be modified), in an attempt to be robust against fake signals. Many times a bar will close below a moving average, only to reverse again the next bar, which eats away at your profits. Especially on shorter timeframes, but also on choppy longer timeframes this can make a strategy unattractive to use.
With the range around the EHMA, the strategy only enters a long/exit-short position if a bar crosses above the upper range. Vice versa, it only enters a short/exit-long position if a bar crosses below the lower range. This avoids positions if bars behave choppy within the EHMA range & only enters a position if the market is confident in it's direction. Having said that, fakeouts are still possible, but a lot less frequent. Having backtested this strategy vs the regular EHMA strategy (and having experimented with various settings), this version seems to be a lot more robust & profitable!
Disclaimer
Please remember that past performance may not be indicative of future results.
Due to various factors, including changing market conditions, the strategy may no longer perform as good as in historical backtesting.
This post and the script don’t provide any financial advice.
DMI Swings (by Coinrule)The Directional Movement Index is a handy indicator that helps catch the direction in which the price of an asset is moving. It compares the prior highs and lows to draw three lines:
Positive directional line (+DI)
Negative directional line (-DI)
Average direction index (ADX)
DMI is simple to interpret. When +DI > - DI, it means the price is trending up. On the other hand, when -DI > +DI, the trend is weak or moving on the downside.
The ADX does not give an indication about the direction but about the strength of the trend.
Typically values of ADX above 25 mean that the trend is steeply moving up or down, based on the -DI and +D positioning. This script aims to capture swings in the DMI, and thus, in the trend of the asset, using a contrarian approach.
ENTRY
-DI is greater than +DI
ADX is greater than 45
EXIT
+DI is greater than -DI
ADX is greater than 45
Trading on high values of ADX, the strategy tries to spot extremely oversold and overbought conditions. Values of ADX above 45 may suggest that the trend has overextended and is may be about to reverse.
Our backtests suggest that this script performs well for very short-term scalping strategies on low time frames, such as the 1-minute.
The script considers a 0.1% trading fee to make results more realistic to those you can expect from live market conditions. So realistically, live results should be similar to backtested results.
You can plug this script directly into your crypto exchange using TradingView Signals on Coinrule.
Trade Safely!
Daily Close and 5/10 Robinhood TargetsThis script is super simple, just outputs a daily close line and also 5/10% targets higher and lower based on that price.
The reason I made this is somewhat simple which is what, ive noticed (havent statistically backtested) but many popular "robinhood stocks" when they run they tend to almost always tag 5 or 10% up or down.
The theory is something to do with the fact that robinhood alerts at those price levels, so when something like a BYND or RUN or TSLA or (pick a popular stock that runs) it tends to at least tap those levels. I rarely see it go up lets say, 4.33% and then turn around, typically it will at least wick if not pass 5% so using these might POSSIBLY be a level of alpha.
Use it for your own backtests though with something better.
`security()` revisited [PineCoders]NOTE
The non-repainting technique in this publication that relies on bar states is now deprecated, as we have identified inconsistencies that undermine its credibility as a universal solution. The outputs that use the technique are still available for reference in this publication. However, we do not endorse its usage. See this publication for more information about the current best practices for requesting HTF data and why they work.
█ OVERVIEW
This script presents a new function to help coders use security() in both repainting and non-repainting modes. We revisit this often misunderstood and misused function, and explain its behavior in different contexts, in the hope of dispelling some of the coder lure surrounding it. The function is incredibly powerful, yet misused, it can become a dangerous WMD and an instrument of deception, for both coders and traders.
We will discuss:
• How to use our new `f_security()` function.
• The behavior of Pine code and security() on the three very different types of bars that make up any chart.
• Why what you see on a chart is a simulation, and should be taken with a grain of salt.
• Why we are presenting a new version of a function handling security() calls.
• Other topics of interest to coders using higher timeframe (HTF) data.
█ WARNING
We have tried to deliver a function that is simple to use and will, in non-repainting mode, produce reliable results for both experienced and novice coders. If you are a novice coder, stick to our recommendations to avoid getting into trouble, and DO NOT change our `f_security()` function when using it. Use `false` as the function's last argument and refrain from using your script at smaller timeframes than the chart's. To call our function to fetch a non-repainting value of close from the 1D timeframe, use:
f_security(_sym, _res, _src, _rep) => security(_sym, _res, _src )
previousDayClose = f_security(syminfo.tickerid, "D", close, false)
If that's all you're interested in, you are done.
If you choose to ignore our recommendation and use the function in repainting mode by changing the `false` in there for `true`, we sincerely hope you read the rest of our ramblings before you do so, to understand the consequences of your choice.
Let's now have a look at what security() is showing you. There is a lot to cover, so buckle up! But before we dig in, one last thing.
What is a chart?
A chart is a graphic representation of events that occur in markets. As any representation, it is not reality, but rather a model of reality. As Scott Page eloquently states in The Model Thinker : "All models are wrong; many are useful". Having in mind that both chart bars and plots on our charts are imperfect and incomplete renderings of what actually occurred in realtime markets puts us coders in a place from where we can better understand the nature of, and the causes underlying the inevitable compromises necessary to build the data series our code uses, and print chart bars.
Traders or coders complaining that charts do not reflect reality act like someone who would complain that the word "dog" is not a real dog. Let's recognize that we are dealing with models here, and try to understand them the best we can. Sure, models can be improved; TradingView is constantly improving the quality of the information displayed on charts, but charts nevertheless remain mere translations. Plots of data fetched through security() being modelized renderings of what occurs at higher timeframes, coders will build more useful and reliable tools for both themselves and traders if they endeavor to perfect their understanding of the abstractions they are working with. We hope this publication helps you in this pursuit.
█ FEATURES
This script's "Inputs" tab has four settings:
• Repaint : Determines whether the functions will use their repainting or non-repainting mode.
Note that the setting will not affect the behavior of the yellow plot, as it always repaints.
• Source : The source fetched by the security() calls.
• Timeframe : The timeframe used for the security() calls. If it is lower than the chart's timeframe, a warning appears.
• Show timeframe reminder : Displays a reminder of the timeframe after the last bar.
█ THE CHART
The chart shows two different pieces of information and we want to discuss other topics in this section, so we will be covering:
A — The type of chart bars we are looking at, indicated by the colored band at the top.
B — The plots resulting of calling security() with the close price in different ways.
C — Points of interest on the chart.
A — Chart bars
The colored band at the top shows the three types of bars that any chart on a live market will print. It is critical for coders to understand the important distinctions between each type of bar:
1 — Gray : Historical bars, which are bars that were already closed when the script was run on them.
2 — Red : Elapsed realtime bars, i.e., realtime bars that have run their course and closed.
The state of script calculations showing on those bars is that of the last time they were made, when the realtime bar closed.
3 — Green : The realtime bar. Only the rightmost bar on the chart can be the realtime bar at any given time, and only when the chart's market is active.
Refer to the Pine User Manual's Execution model page for a more detailed explanation of these types of bars.
B — Plots
The chart shows the result of letting our 5sec chart run for a few minutes with the following settings: "Repaint" = "On" (the default is "Off"), "Source" = `close` and "Timeframe" = 1min. The five lines plotted are the following. They have progressively thinner widths:
1 — Yellow : A normal, repainting security() call.
2 — Silver : Our recommended security() function.
3 — Fuchsia : Our recommended way of achieving the same result as our security() function, for cases when the source used is a function returning a tuple.
4 — White : The method we previously recommended in our MTF Selection Framework , which uses two distinct security() calls.
5 — Black : A lame attempt at fooling traders that MUST be avoided.
All lines except the first one in yellow will vary depending on the "Repaint" setting in the script's inputs. The first plot does not change because, contrary to all other plots, it contains no conditional code to adapt to repainting/no-repainting modes; it is a simple security() call showing its default behavior.
C — Points of interest on the chart
Historical bars do not show actual repainting behavior
To appreciate what a repainting security() call will plot in realtime, one must look at the realtime bar and at elapsed realtime bars, the bars where the top line is green or red on the chart at the top of this page. There you can see how the plots go up and down, following the close value of each successive chart bar making up a single bar of the higher timeframe. You would see the same behavior in "Replay" mode. In the realtime bar, the movement of repainting plots will vary with the source you are fetching: open will not move after a new timeframe opens, low and high will change when a new low or high are found, close will follow the last feed update. If you are fetching a value calculated by a function, it may also change on each update.
Now notice how different the plots are on historical bars. There, the plot shows the close of the previously completed timeframe for the whole duration of the current timeframe, until on its last bar the price updates to the current timeframe's close when it is confirmed (if the timeframe's last bar is missing, the plot will only update on the next timeframe's first bar). That last bar is the only one showing where the plot would end if that timeframe's bars had elapsed in realtime. If one doesn't understand this, one cannot properly visualize how his script will calculate in realtime when using repainting. Additionally, as published scripts typically show charts where the script has only run on historical bars, they are, in fact, misleading traders who will naturally assume the script will behave the same way on realtime bars.
Non-repainting plots are more accurate on historical bars
Now consider this chart, where we are using the same settings as on the chart used to publish this script, except that we have turned "Repainting" off this time:
The yellow line here is our reference, repainting line, so although repainting is turned off, it is still repainting, as expected. Because repainting is now off, however, plots on historical bars show the previous timeframe's close until the first bar of a new timeframe, at which point the plot updates. This correctly reflects the behavior of the script in the realtime bar, where because we are offsetting the series by one, we are always showing the previously calculated—and thus confirmed—higher timeframe value. This means that in realtime, we will only get the previous timeframe's values one bar after the timeframe's last bar has elapsed, at the open of the first bar of a new timeframe. Historical and elapsed realtime bars will not actually show this nuance because they reflect the state of calculations made on their close , but we can see the plot update on that bar nonetheless.
► This more accurate representation on historical bars of what will happen in the realtime bar is one of the two key reasons why using non-repainting data is preferable.
The other is that in realtime, your script will be using more reliable data and behave more consistently.
Misleading plots
Valiant attempts by coders to show non-repainting, higher timeframe data updating earlier than on our chart are futile. If updates occur one bar earlier because coders use the repainting version of the function, then so be it, but they must then also accept that their historical bars are not displaying information that is as accurate. Not informing script users of this is to mislead them. Coders should also be aware that if they choose to use repainting data in realtime, they are sacrificing reliability to speed and may be running a strategy that behaves very differently from the one they backtested, thus invalidating their tests.
When, however, coders make what are supposed to be non-repainting plots plot artificially early on historical bars, as in examples "c4" and "c5" of our script, they would want us to believe they have achieved the miracle of time travel. Our understanding of the current state of science dictates that for now, this is impossible. Using such techniques in scripts is plainly misleading, and public scripts using them will be moderated. We are coding trading tools here—not video games. Elementary ethics prescribe that we should not mislead traders, even if it means not being able to show sexy plots. As the great Feynman said: You should not fool the layman when you're talking as a scientist.
You can readily appreciate the fantasy plot of "c4", the thinnest line in black, by comparing its supposedly non-repainting behavior between historical bars and realtime bars. After updating—by miracle—as early as the wide yellow line that is repainting, it suddenly moves in a more realistic place when the script is running in realtime, in synch with our non-repainting lines. The "c5" version does not plot on the chart, but it displays in the Data Window. It is even worse than "c4" in that it also updates magically early on historical bars, but goes on to evaluate like the repainting yellow line in realtime, except one bar late.
Data Window
The Data Window shows the values of the chart's plots, then the values of both the inside and outside offsets used in our calculations, so you can see them change bar by bar. Notice their differences between historical and elapsed realtime bars, and the realtime bar itself. If you do not know about the Data Window, have a look at this essential tool for Pine coders in the Pine User Manual's page on Debugging . The conditional expressions used to calculate the offsets may seem tortuous but their objective is quite simple. When repainting is on, we use this form, so with no offset on all bars:
security(ticker, i_timeframe, i_source )
// which is equivalent to:
security(ticker, i_timeframe, i_source)
When repainting is off, we use two different and inverted offsets on historical bars and the realtime bar:
// Historical bars:
security(ticker, i_timeframe, i_source )
// Realtime bar (and thus, elapsed realtime bars):
security(ticker, i_timeframe, i_source )
The offsets in the first line show how we prevent repainting on historical bars without the need for the `lookahead` parameter. We use the value of the function call on the chart's previous bar. Since values between the repainting and non-repainting versions only differ on the timeframe's last bar, we can use the previous value so that the update only occurs on the timeframe's first bar, as it will in realtime when not repainting.
In the realtime bar, we use the second call, where the offsets are inverted. This is because if we used the first call in realtime, we would be fetching the value of the repainting function on the previous bar, so the close of the last bar. What we want, instead, is the data from the previous, higher timeframe bar , which has elapsed and is confirmed, and thus will not change throughout realtime bars, except on the first constituent chart bar belonging to a new higher timeframe.
After the offsets, the Data Window shows values for the `barstate.*` variables we use in our calculations.
█ NOTES
Why are we revisiting security() ?
For four reasons:
1 — We were seeing coders misuse our `f_secureSecurity()` function presented in How to avoid repainting when using security() .
Some novice coders were modifying the offset used with the history-referencing operator in the function, making it zero instead of one,
which to our horror, caused look-ahead bias when used with `lookahead = barmerge.lookahead_on`.
We wanted to present a safer function which avoids introducing the dreaded "lookahead" in the scripts of unsuspecting coders.
2 — The popularity of security() in screener-type scripts where coders need to use the full 40 calls allowed per script made us want to propose
a solid method of allowing coders to offer a repainting/no-repainting choice to their script users with only one security() call.
3 — We wanted to explain why some alternatives we see circulating are inadequate and produce misleading behavior.
4 — Our previous publication on security() focused on how to avoid repainting, yet many other considerations worthy of attention are not related to repainting.
Handling tuples
When sending function calls that return tuples with security() , our `f_security()` function will not work because Pine does not allow us to use the history-referencing operator with tuple return values. The solution is to integrate the inside offset to your function's arguments, use it to offset the results the function is returning, and then add the outside offset in a reassignment of the tuple variables, after security() returns its values to the script, as we do in our "c2" example.
Does it repaint?
We're pretty sure Wilder was not asked very often if RSI repainted. Why? Because it wasn't in fashion—and largely unnecessary—to ask that sort of question in the 80's. Many traders back then used daily charts only, and indicator values were calculated at the day's close, so everybody knew what they were getting. Additionally, indicator values were calculated by generally reputable outfits or traders themselves, so data was pretty reliable. Today, almost anybody can write a simple indicator, and the programming languages used to write them are complex enough for some coders lacking the caution, know-how or ethics of the best professional coders, to get in over their heads and produce code that does not work the way they think it does.
As we hope to have clearly demonstrated, traders do have legitimate cause to ask if MTF scripts repaint or not when authors do not specify it in their script's description.
► We recommend that authors always use our `f_security()` with `false` as the last argument to avoid repainting when fetching data dependent on OHLCV information. This is the only way to obtain reliable HTF data. If you want to offer users a choice, make non-repainting mode the default, so that if users choose repainting, it will be their responsibility. Non-repainting security() calls are also the only way for scripts to show historical behavior that matches the script's realtime behavior, so you are not misleading traders. Additionally, non-repainting HTF data is the only way that non-repainting alerts can be configured on MTF scripts, as users of MTF scripts cannot prevent their alerts from repainting by simply configuring them to trigger on the bar's close.
Data feeds
A chart at one timeframe is made up of multiple feeds that mesh seamlessly to form one chart. Historical bars can use one feed, and the realtime bar another, which brokers/exchanges can sometimes update retroactively so that elapsed realtime bars will reappear with very slight modifications when the browser's tab is refreshed. Intraday and daily chart prices also very often originate from different feeds supplied by brokers/exchanges. That is why security() calls at higher timeframes may be using a completely different feed than the chart, and explains why the daily high value, for example, can vary between timeframes. Volume information can also vary considerably between intraday and daily feeds in markets like stocks, because more volume information becomes available at the end of day. It is thus expected behavior—and not a bug—to see data variations between timeframes.
Another point to keep in mind concerning feeds it that when you are using a repainting security() plot in realtime, you will sometimes see discrepancies between its plot and the realtime bars. An artefact revealing these inconsistencies can be seen when security() plots sometimes skip a realtime chart bar during periods of high market activity. This occurs because of races between the chart and the security() feeds, which are being monitored by independent, concurrent processes. A blue arrow on the chart indicates such an occurrence. This is another cause of repainting, where realtime bar-building logic can produce different outcomes on one closing price. It is also another argument supporting our recommendation to use non-repainting data.
Alternatives
There is an alternative to using security() in some conditions. If all you need are OHLC prices of a higher timeframe, you can use a technique like the one Duyck demonstrates in his security free MTF example - JD script. It has the great advantage of displaying actual repainting values on historical bars, which mimic the code's behavior in the realtime bar—or at least on elapsed realtime bars, contrary to a repainting security() plot. It has the disadvantage of using the current chart's TF data feed prices, whereas higher timeframe data feeds may contain different and more reliable prices when they are compiled at the end of the day. In its current state, it also does not allow for a repainting/no-repainting choice.
When `lookahead` is useful
When retrieving non-price data, or in special cases, for experiments, it can be useful to use `lookahead`. One example is our Backtesting on Non-Standard Charts: Caution! script where we are fetching prices of standard chart bars from non-standard charts.
Warning users
Normal use of security() dictates that it only be used at timeframes equal to or higher than the chart's. To prevent users from inadvertently using your script in contexts where it will not produce expected behavior, it is good practice to warn them when their chart is on a higher timeframe than the one in the script's "Timeframe" field. Our `f_tfReminderAndErrorCheck()` function in this script does that. It can also print a reminder of the higher timeframe. It uses one security() call.
Intrabar timeframes
security() is not supported by TradingView when used with timeframes lower than the chart's. While it is still possible to use security() at intrabar timeframes, it then behaves differently. If no care is taken to send a function specifically written to handle the successive intrabars, security() will return the value of the last intrabar in the chart's timeframe, so the last 1H bar in the current 1D bar, if called at "60" from a "D" chart timeframe. If you are an advanced coder, see our FAQ entry on the techniques involved in processing intrabar timeframes. Using intrabar timeframes comes with important limitations, which you must understand and explain to traders if you choose to make scripts using the technique available to others. Special care should also be taken to thoroughly test this type of script. Novice coders should refrain from getting involved in this.
█ TERMINOLOGY
Timeframe
Timeframe , interval and resolution are all being used to name the concept of timeframe. We have, in the past, used "timeframe" and "resolution" more or less interchangeably. Recently, members from the Pine and PineCoders team have decided to settle on "timeframe", so from hereon we will be sticking to that term.
Multi-timeframe (MTF)
Some coders use "multi-timeframe" or "MTF" to name what are in fact "multi-period" calculations, as when they use MAs of progressively longer periods. We consider that a misleading use of "multi-timeframe", which should be reserved for code using calculations actually made from another timeframe's context and using security() , safe for scripts like Duyck's one mentioned earlier, or TradingView's Relative Volume at Time , which use a user-selected timeframe as an anchor to reset calculations. Calculations made at the chart's timeframe by varying the period of MAs or other rolling window calculations should be called "multi-period", and "MTF-anchored" could be used for scripts that reset calculations on timeframe boundaries.
Colophon
Our script was written using the PineCoders Coding Conventions for Pine .
The description was formatted using the techniques explained in the How We Write and Format Script Descriptions PineCoders publication.
Snippets were lifted from our MTF Selection Framework , then massaged to create the `f_tfReminderAndErrorCheck()` function.
█ THANKS
Thanks to apozdnyakov for his help with the innards of security() .
Thanks to bmistiaen for proofreading our description.
Look first. Then leap.
PineScript v4 - Forex Pin-Bar Trading StrategyPineScript v4, forex trading robot based on the commonly used bullish / bearish pin-bar piercing the moving averages strategy.
I coded this robot to stress-test the PineScript v4 language to see how advanced it is, and whether I could port a forex trading strategy from MT4 to TradingView.
In my opinion, PineScript v4 is still not a professional coding language; for example you cannot use IF-statements to modify the contents of global variables; this makes complex robot behaviour difficult to implement. In addition, it is unclear if the programmer can use nested IF-ELSE, or nested FOR within IF.
The sequence of program execution is also unclear, and although complex order entry and exit appears to function properly, I am not completely comfortable with it.
Recommended Chart Settings:
Asset Class: Forex
Time Frame: H1
Long Entry Conditions:
a) Moving Average up trend, fast crosses above slow
b) Presence of a Bullish Pin Bar
c) Pin Bar pierces either Moving Average
d) Moving Averages must be sloping up, angle threshold (optional)
Short Entry Conditions:
a) Moving Average down trend, fast crosses below slow
b) Presence of a Bearish Pin Bar
c) Pin Bar pierces either Moving Average
d) Moving Averages must be sloping down, angle threshold (optional)
Exit Conditions:
a) Stoploss level is hit
b) Takeprofit level is hit
c) Moving Averages cross-back (optional)
Default Robot Settings:
Equity Risk (%): 3 //how much account balance to risk per trade
Stop Loss (x*ATR, Float): 2.1 //stoploss = x * ATR, you can change x
Risk : Reward (1 : x*SL, Float): 3.1 //takeprofit = x * stop_loss_distance, you can change x
Fast MA (Period): 20 //fast moving average period
Slow MA (Period): 50 //slow moving average period
ATR (Period): 14 //average true range period
Use MA Slope (Boolean): true //toggle the requirement of the moving average slope
Bull Slope Angle (Deg): 1 //angle above which, moving average is considered to be sloping up
Bear Slope Angle (Deg): -1 //angle below which, moving average is considered to be sloping down
Exit When MA Re-Cross (Boolean): true //toggle, close trade if moving average crosses back
Cancel Entry After X Bars (Period): 3 //cancel the order after x bars not triggered, you can change x
Backtest Results (2019 to 2020, H1, Default Settings):
EURJPY - 111% profit, 2.631 profit factor, 16.43% drawdown
EURUSD - 103% profit, 2.899 profit factor, 14.95% drawdown
EURAUD - 76.75% profit, 1.8 profit factor, 17.99% drawdown
NZDUSD - 64.62% profit, 1.727 profit factor, 19.14% drawdown
GBPUSD - 58.73% profit, 1.663 profit factor, 15.44% downdown
AUDJPY - 48.71% profit, 1.635 profit factor, 11.81% drawdown
USDCHF - 30.72% profit, 1.36 profit factor, 22.63% drawdown
AUDUSD - 8.54% profit, 1.092 profit factor, 19.86% drawdown
EURGBP - 0.03% profit, 1.0 profit factor, 29.66% drawdown
USDJPY - 1.96% loss, 0.972 profit factor, 28.37% drawdown
USDCAD - 6.36% loss, 0.891 profit factor, 21.14% drawdown
GBPJPY - 28.27% loss, 0.461 profit factor, 39.13% drawdown
To reduce the possibility of curve-fitting, this robot was backtested on 12 popular forex currencies, as shown above. The robot was profitable on 8 out of 12 currencies, breakeven on 1, and made a loss on 3.
The default robot settings could be over-fitting for the EUR, as we can see out-sized performance for the EUR pairs, with the exception of the EURGBP. We can see that GBPJPY made the largest loss, so these two pairs could be related.
Risk Warning:
This is a forex trading strategy that involves high risk of equity loss, and backtest performance will not equal future results. You agree to use this script at your own risk.
Bollinger Bands BAT/USDT 30minThis is ready to use Bollinger Band strategy that was backtested on the data from the previous year 2019.
The main purpose of this strategy is to determine trades with the highest probability of success, to keep a consistent portfolio growth throughout the year. This strategy cherry-picks the most reliable points of entry on a particular timeframe (30m) for the particular asset (BAT/USDT). The backtest shows a great result of 78.95% profitability with the maximum drawdown of -4.02%. This is one of my strategies out of the group of automated strategies that helps to grow my portfolio steadily.
You are welcome to change inputs and backtest the following strategy. Any comments or ideas would be appreciated.
If you are happy with existing results and would like to automate the strategy, which can be done through alerts, then you need to convert it to study and add alerts in the code.
Let me know if you are interested in that and I will create a study based on this strategy.
Squeeze Momentum Strategy based on Indicator [LazyBear][Bitduke]I improved Squeeze Momentum Indicator by LazyBear (momentum filter, changed data source to ohlc4) and transformed it into a strategy, adding a risk management system + ability to customize time frames for backtest.
Shortly about Squeeze Momentum Indicator:
This is a derivative of John Carter's "TTM Squeeze" volatility indicator, as discussed in his book "Mastering the Trade" (chapter 11).
Backtested on XBTUSD, ETHUSD (Bitmex). As you may notice it shows good results on 1h - 4h timeframes on these timeframes among these pairs. Relatively low drawdown ~ 12% (to date).
T7 JNSARJNSAR stands for Just Nifty Stop & Reverse. This is a trend following daily bar trading system for NIFTY. Original idea belongs to ILLANGO @ I coded the pine version of this system based on a request from @stocksonfire. Use it at your own risk after validation at your end. Neither me or my company is responsible for any losses you may incur using this system. Hope you like this system and enjoy trading it !!!
While trading this system you must follow these simple rules.
1. Go Long when the daily close is above the JNSAR line. Go Short when the daily close is below the JNSAR line. JNSAR line is the varying green line overlayed over the price chart. Once a signal comes at market close enter in the direction of the signal @ market price @ next day market open.
2. Trade only Nifty Index. This system was developed and backtested only for NIFTY Index. So trade in its Futures or Options, as you may deem fit. My recommendation is to choose futures for simplicity. If you want to reduce the trading cost and go with options, trade with deep in the money options, preferably 2 strikes far from the spot price.
3. Trade all signals. Markets trend only 30-35% of the time and hence the system is only accurate to that extend. But system tends to make enough money, in this small trending window, to keep the overall profitability in good health. But one never knows when a big trend may come and when it comes its absolutely imperative that you take it. To ensure that, trade all signals and don't be choosy about what signals you are going to trade. Also I wouldn't recommend using your own analysis to trade this system. Too many drivers will crash the car.
4. Like all trend following systems, this system will have many whipsaws during flat markets along with large trade and account drawdowns. Also some months and even years may not be profitable. But to trade this system profitably, it is necessary to take these in one's stride and keep trading. As the backtester results from 1990 to 2016 proves, this system is profitable overall thus far. Take confidence from that objective fact.
5. Initial capital that you need to have to trade one lot of NIFTY should be atleast - (Margin Money required to take and hold 1 lot position + maximum drawdown amount per lot)*1.2. Be prepared to add more if need be, but the above formula will give a rough idea of what you need to have to start trading and be in the game always.
6. Follow all the 5 rules above religiously as if your life depends on it. If you cant, then don't trade this system; You will certainly loose money.
EMA 200 Monitor - Bybit CoinsEMA 200 Monitor - Bybit Coins
📊 OVERVIEW
The EMA 200 Monitor - Bybit Coins is an advanced indicator that automatically monitors 30 of the top cryptocurrencies traded on Bybit, alerting you when they are close to the 200-period Exponential Moving Average on the 4-hour timeframe.
This indicator was developed especially for traders who use the EMA 200 as a key support/resistance level in their swing trading and position trading strategies.
🎯 WHAT IT'S FOR
Multi-Asset Monitoring: Simultaneous monitoring of 30 cryptocurrencies without having to switch between charts
Opportunity Identification: Detects when coins are approaching the 200 EMA, a crucial technical level
Automated Alerts: Real-time notifications when a coin reaches the configured proximity
Time Efficiency: Eliminates the need to manually check chart collections
⚙️ HOW IT WORKS
Main Functionality
The indicator uses the request.security() function to fetch price data and calculate the 200 EMA of each monitored asset. With each new bar, the script:
Calculates the distance between the current price and the 200 EMA for each coin
Identifies proximity based on the configured percentage (default: 2%)
Displays results in a table organized on the chart
Generates automatic alerts when proximity is detected
Monitored Coins
Major : BTC, ETH, BNB, ADA, XRP, SOL, DOT, DOGE, AVAX
DeFi : UNI, LINK, ATOM, ICP, NEAR, OP, ARB, INJ
Memecoins : SHIB, PEPE, WIF, BONK, FLOKI
Emerging : SUI, TON, APT, POL (ex-MATIC)
📋 AVAILABLE SETTINGS
Adjustable Parameters
EMA Length (Default: 200): Exponential Moving Average Period
Proximity Percentage (Default: 2%): Distance in percentage to consider "close"
Show Table (Default: Active): Show/hide results table
Table Position: Position of the table on the chart (9 options available)
Color System
🔴 Red: Distance ≤ 1% (very close)
🟠 Orange: Distance ≤ 1.5% (close)
🟡 Yellow: Distance ≤ 2% (approaching)
🚀 HOW TO USE
Initial Configuration
Add the indicator to the 4-hour timeframe chart
Set the parameters according to your strategy
Position the table where there is no graphic preference
Setting Alerts
Click "Create Alert" in TradingView
Select the "EMA 200 Monitor" indicator
Set the notification frequency and method
Activate the alert to receive automatic notifications
Results Interpretation
The table shows:
Coin: Asset name (e.g. BTC, ETH)
Price: Current currency quote
EMA 200: Current value of the moving average
Distance: Percentage of proximity to the core code
💡 STRATEGIES TO USE
Reversal Trading
Entry: When price touches or approaches the EMA 200
Stop: Below/above the EMA with a safety margin
Target: Previous resistance/support levels
Breakout Trading
Monitoring: Watch for currencies consolidating near the EMA 200
Entry: When the media is finally broken
Confirmation: Volume and close above/below the EMA
Swing Trading
Identification: Use the monitor to detect setups in formation
Timing: Wait for the EMA 200 to approach for detailed analysis
Management: Use the EMA as a reference for stops dynamics
⚠️ IMPORTANT CONSIDERATIONS
Technical Limitations
Request Bybit data: Access to exchange symbols required
Specific timeframe: Optimized for 4-hour analysis
Minimum delay: Data updated with each new bar
Usage Recommendations
Combine with technical analysis: Use together with other indicators
Confirm the configuration: Check the graphic patterns before trading
Manage risk: Always use stop loss and adequate position sizing
Backtesting: Test your strategy before applying with real capital
Disclaimer
This indicator is a technical analysis tool and does not constitute investment advice. Always do your own analysis and manage detailed information about the risks of your operations.
🔧 TECHNICAL INFORMATION
Pine Script version: v6
Type: Indicator (overlay=true)
Compatibility: All TradingView plans
Resources used: request.security(), arrays, tables
Performance: Optimized for multiple simultaneous queries
📈 COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES
✅ Simultaneous monitoring of 30 major assets ✅ Clear visual interface with intuitive core system ✅ Customizable alerts for different details ✅ Optimized code for maximum performance ✅ Flexible configuration adaptable to different strategies ✅ Real-time update without the need for manual refresh
Developed for traders who value efficiency and accuracy in identifying market opportunities based on the EMA 20
DB - Range Filter heikenashi Strategy
DB - Range Filter Heikenashi Strategy
Smart Filtering Meets Heiken-Ashi Precision for Adaptive Trend Breakouts
This is not your average range filter strategy. Built from the ground up with adaptive signal logic and hybrid candle interpretation, this script merges range-based volatility filtering with Heiken-Ashi smoothing to isolate meaningful breakouts—while filtering out noise with surgical precision.
🔍 Key Innovations:
• Dynamic Range Filtering Engine: Combines smoothed average range with directional bias to create high-confidence entries.
• Candle Type Toggle: Choose between standard candles or Heiken-Ashi to shape your signals to your trading style.
• Dual-Layer Trend Confirmation: Upward and downward movement counters ensure trend commitment before triggering entries.
• Time-Filtered Backtesting: Easily isolate strategy performance within precise historical windows.
• Optional Smart Stops: Add stop loss & take profit rules without changing the core logic—perfect for risk-managed deployment.
📈 Visual & Practical Features:
• Multi-color bar analysis to identify strength, weakness, and transition zones.
• Upper and lower dynamic bands for visualizing profit targets and range boundaries.
• Buy/Sell signal labels with direction-aware logic to avoid choppy conditions.
• Ideal for high-volatility assets (e.g., BTC) on short timeframes, but fully tunable for any market.
Built for traders who value clarity over chaos, this strategy aims to reduce false signals and offer a cleaner execution framework for trend followers and breakout scalpers alike.
> Make volatility your ally, not your enemy.
