Normalized Equity/Bond RatioThis indicator calculates a normalized equity-to-bond ratio over a 252-day lookback (~1 trading year) to assess risk-on vs. risk-off sentiment. It addresses the issue of direct ratios (e.g., SPY/TLT) being visually dominated by high nominal stock prices, which can obscure bond price movements.
A rising ratio indicates equities are outperforming bonds, suggesting risk-on conditions, while a declining ratio signals a shift toward bonds, often associated with risk-off behavior. The normalization ensures better visibility and comparability of the trend over time.
A ratio > 1 means the equity (e.g., SPY) is outperforming the bond (e.g., AGG) since the lookback. A ratio < 1 means bonds are outperforming.
在腳本中搜尋"spy"
15-Minute ORB by @RhinoTradezOverview
Hey traders, ready to jump on the morning breakout train? The 15-Minute ORB by @RhinoTradez
is your go-to pal for rocking the Opening Range Breakout (ORB) scene, zeroing in on the first 15 minutes of the U.S. market day—9:30 to 9:45 AM Eastern Time. Picture this: sleek orange lines mark the high and low of that opening rush, but they only hang out during regular trading hours (9:30 AM-4:00 PM ET) and reset fresh each day—no old baggage here! Built in Pine Script v6 for that cutting-edge feel, it’s loaded with breakout signals and alerts to keep your trading game strong—ideal for SPY, QQQ, or any ticker you love.
Crafted by @RhinoTradez
to fuel your daily grind—let’s hit those breakouts running!
What It Does
The ORB strategy is all about that early market spark: the 9:30-9:45 AM range sets the battlefield, and breakouts signal the charge. Here’s the rundown:
Captures the Range : Snags the high and low from the 9:30-9:45 AM ET candle—U.S. market kickoff, locked in.
Daily Refresh : Wipes yesterday’s lines at 9:30 AM ET each day—today’s all that matters.
Regular Hours Focus : Orange lines shine from 9:45 AM to 4:00 PM ET, vanishing outside those hours.
Breakout Signals : Green triangles for upside breaks, red for downside, all within regular hours.
Alerts You : Chimes in with “Price broke above 15-min ORB High: 597” (or below the low) when the move hits.
It’s your morning breakout blueprint—simple, focused, and trader-ready.
Functionality Breakdown:
15-Minute ORB Snap:
Locks the high and low of the 9:30-9:45 AM ET candle on a 15-minute chart (EST/EDT auto-adjusted).
Resets daily at 9:30 AM ET—yesterday’s range is outta here.
Regular Hours Only:
Lines glow from 9:45 AM to 4:00 PM ET, keeping pre-market and after-hours clean.
Breakout Flags:
Marks price busting above the ORB high (green triangle below bar) or below the low (red triangle above), only during 9:30 AM-4:00 PM.
Alert Action:
Drops a custom alert with the breakout price (e.g., “Price broke below 15-min ORB Low: 594”)—stay in the know, hands-free.
Customization Options
Keep it chill with one slick tweak:
ORB Line Color : Starts at orange—vibrant and trader-cool! Flip it to blue, purple, or any shade you dig in the settings. Make it yours.
How to Use It
Pop It On: Add it to a 15-minute chart—SPY, QQQ, or your hot pick works like a dream.
Time It Right: Set your chart to “America/New_York” time (Chart Settings > Time Zone) to sync with 9:30 AM ET.
Choose Your Color: Dive into the indicator settings and pick your ORB line color—orange kicks it off, but you’re in charge.
Set Alerts: Right-click the indicator, add an alert with “Any alert() function call,” and catch breakouts live.
Ride the Wave: Green triangle? Upward vibe. Red? Downside alert. Mix with volume or candles for extra punch.
Pro Tips
15-Minute Only : Tailored for that 9:30-9:45 AM ET candle—other timeframes won’t sync up.
Daily Reset : Lines refresh at 9:30 AM ET—always today’s play.
Breakout Boost : High volume or RSI can seal the deal on those triangle signals.
No Clutter : Lines stick to 9:30 AM-4:00 PM ET—your chart stays tidy.
Brought to you by @RhinoTradez
in Pine Script v6, this ORB script’s your morning breakout wingman. Slap it on, pick a color, and let’s chase those moves together! Happy trading!
Power Play Signal Indicator [Masky18]Power Play Signal Indicator
The Power Play Signal Indicator is a sophisticated custom trading strategy designed to identify high-probability breakout and breakdown opportunities by combining consolidation detection, trend alignment, volume analysis, and relative strength ranking. Unlike simple mashups of existing indicators, this script integrates multiple technical concepts into a cohesive strategy that helps traders capitalize on market momentum with precision.
What Makes This Indicator Unique?
The PowerPlay Signal Indicator is not just a combination of existing indicators; it is a custom-built strategy that uses original logic to filter out low-probability setups and focus on high-quality trading opportunities. Here’s how it works:
Consolidation Detection:
The script identifies consolidation zones by analyzing price action over a user-defined period (default: 6 bars). It calculates the high, low, and midpoint of the consolidation range and ensures the price stays within a specified percentage range (default: 13%).
Consolidations are classified as Tight, Loose, or Okay, helping traders gauge the strength of the potential breakout or breakdown.
Breakout & Breakdown Logic:
Breakouts and breakdowns are confirmed using a combination of:
Price Action: The script checks if the price closes above the consolidation high (breakout) or below the consolidation low (breakdown).
Volume Analysis: A significant volume spike (default: 20% increase) is required to confirm the move.
MACD & Moving Averages: The script uses MACD and moving averages (50-day and 200-day) to ensure the breakout/breakdown aligns with the prevailing trend.
Trend Alignment:
The script ensures trades are aligned with the long-term trend by using:
50-day SMA and 200-day SMA to confirm uptrends or downtrends.
150-day SMA as an additional filter to ensure the trend is strong.
52-week high/low conditions to ensure the price is in a favorable position relative to its historical range.
Relative Strength Ranking:
The script compares the asset’s performance against a benchmark asset (e.g., SPY) to ensure it is outperforming the market. This is done using a customizable Relative Strength (RS) Threshold (default: 70).
Golden Candle Signals:
For high-probability setups, the script identifies Golden Candles—strong breakout or breakdown candles with:
Large price movement (default: 7.5% to 12.5% candle size).
High volume (default: 2x the average consolidation volume).
Alignment with MACD and moving averages.
Risk Management:
The script provides stop loss, trailing stop, and take profit levels based on:
ATR (Average True Range): Dynamic stop loss levels are calculated using ATR (default: 14-period ATR with a 2x multiplier).
Trailing Stop Percentage: User-defined trailing stop (default: 2%).
Take Profit Percentage: User-defined take profit (default: 5%).
Performance Tracking:
The script includes a Performance Table that tracks:
Total breakouts and breakdowns.
Successful and failed trades.
Win rates for breakouts and breakdowns.
Golden candle signals.
How Does It Work?
The PowerPlay Signal Indicator combines the following key components to generate signals:
Consolidation Detection:
The script calculates the high, low, and midpoint of the consolidation range over a user-defined period.
It ensures the price stays within a specified percentage range (default: 13%) to confirm consolidation.
Breakout/Breakdown Confirmation:
A breakout is confirmed when:
The price closes above the consolidation high.
Volume increases by at least 20%.
MACD is positive and above the signal line.
The price is above the 50-day and 200-day SMAs.
A breakdown is confirmed when:
The price closes below the consolidation low.
Volume increases by at least 20%.
MACD is negative and below the signal line.
The price is below the 50-day and 200-day SMAs.
Golden Candle Signals:
Golden Candles are identified when:
The candle size is between 7.5% and 12.5%.
Volume is at least 2x the average consolidation volume.
The candle aligns with the prevailing trend and MACD.
Risk Management:
Stop loss levels are calculated using ATR (default: 14-period ATR with a 2x multiplier).
Trailing stop and take profit levels are based on user-defined percentages.
How to Use the Indicator
Input Parameters:
Consolidation Periods: Set the number of bars to analyze for consolidation (default: 6).
Maximum Consolidation Range: Define the maximum percentage range for consolidation (default: 13%).
Stop Loss Factor: Adjust the stop loss multiplier based on the midpoint of the consolidation range (default: 0.985).
RS Threshold: Set the relative strength threshold for trend alignment (default: 70).
Comparison Asset: Enable comparison with a benchmark asset (e.g., SPY) to ensure the asset is outperforming the market.
Trailing Stop Percentage: Set the trailing stop percentage (default: 2%).
Take Profit Percentage: Set the take profit percentage (default: 5%).
Time Exit Bars: Define the maximum number of bars to hold a trade (default: 10).
Interpreting Signals:
Breakout Signal: A green label ("BO") appears when a breakout is detected.
Breakdown Signal: A red label ("BD") appears when a breakdown is detected.
Golden Candle Signal: A gold medal icon (🥇) appears for high-probability setups.
Performance Table:
The performance table displays the number of trades, successful trades, failed trades, and win rates for breakouts and breakdowns.
Alerts:
Enable alerts for breakouts, breakdowns, and golden candles to stay informed about potential trading opportunities.
Why Choose the PowerPlay Signal Indicator?
Original Logic: Combines consolidation detection, trend alignment, volume analysis, and relative strength ranking into a unique strategy.
High-Probability Signals: Focuses on high-quality setups with strong volume and trend alignment.
Risk Management: Built-in stop loss, trailing stop, and take profit options help you manage risk effectively.
Performance Tracking: Tracks trade outcomes and win rates to help you refine your strategy.
Customizable: Fully adjustable inputs allow you to adapt the indicator to your trading style and market conditions.
IronCondor 10am 30TF by RMThe IronCondor 10am 30TF indicator shows Iron Condor trades win rate over a large number of days.
The default ETFs in this indicators are "QQQ", "SPY", "RUT" , "CBTX" and "SPX", other entries have not been tested.
Iron Condor quick explanation:
- Iron Condors trades have four options, generally, are based around a Midpoint price (Current Market Price Strike) and
- Two equally distances Strikes for the SELL components (called the Body of the Iron Condor)
- Further away from the two SELLs, another Two BUYs for protection (not considered in this indicator)
- Iron Condors are used for Passive Income based on small gains most of the time.
The IronCondor 10am 30TF has its logic created based on the premises that:
- Most days the market prices stay within a range.
- As example the S&P market prices would stay within 1% on about 80% of the time
- The moving markets (bullish or bearish) occur about 20% of the time
- The biggest market price volatility generally occurs before market opens and then around the first hour or so of trade in the day.
- After the first hour or so of the market the prices would be most likely to stay within a range.
The operation is simple:
- At the Trade Star time in the day (say 10:30 Hrs.) draws a vertical yellow line, then
- Creates two blue horizontal lines for the SELL limits in the Iron Condor Body, at +/- 1% price boundary (check Ticker list below for values)
- At the Trade End time (say 16:00 Hrs.) checks that none of the SELL limits have been broken by highs or lows during the trade day
(The check is done calculating at Trade End time the high/lows 10 bars back for 30 min TF - timeframe)
- There is a label at each Trade End time with Win/Loss and Body value.
- There is one final label with overall calculated past performance in Win percentage out of 'n' trades
Defaults and User Entries:
- The User can modify the Midpoint price called 'IronCondor Midpoint STRIKE' (default is the Candle Close at the selected time)
- The User can modify the Body value called 'IronCondor Body' (default is the Ticker's selected value as per list below)
"QQQ" or "SPY" Body = 5
"RUT" or "CBTX" Body = 20
"SPX" Body = 60
* Disclaimer: This is not a Financial tool, it cannot used as any kind of advice to invest or risk moneys in any market,
Markets are volatile in nature - with little or no warning - and will drain your account if you are not careful.
Use only as an academic demonstrator => * Use at your own risk *
SPDR Relativ Sector MomentumThe SPDR Relativ Sector Momentum Indicator is designed to evaluate the momentum of key U.S. market sectors relative to the broader market, represented by the S&P 500 Index (SPY). This indicator uses momentum-based techniques to assess sector performance and highlight relative strength or weakness over a given period. It leverages rate of change (ROC) as the primary momentum measure and incorporates smoothing via a simple moving average (SMA).
Methodology
This measure is smoothed over a configurable length (default: 20 periods) to filter noise and highlight trends. Sector momentum is computed for 11 key SPDR ETFs:
• XLE: Energy
• XLB: Materials
• XLI: Industrials
• XLY: Consumer Discretionary
• XLP: Consumer Staples
• XLV: Healthcare
• XLF: Financials
• XLK: Technology
• XLC: Communication Services
• XLU: Utilities
• XLRE: Real Estate
Momentum for the SPY is calculated similarly and serves as a benchmark.
Visualization
The indicator displays relative momentum values in a structured table, with high-contrast colors for better readability. The table dynamically updates sector performance, allowing users to easily track which sectors are outperforming or underperforming SPY. Additionally, the relative momentum values are plotted as individual lines around a zero baseline, providing visual confirmation of trends.
Applications
1. Portfolio Allocation: By identifying leading and lagging sectors, investors can allocate resources to sectors with strong momentum and reduce exposure to weaker sectors.
2. Trend Identification: The zero baseline helps users distinguish between sectors with positive and negative relative momentum.
3. Momentum Trading: The indicator aids in trading strategies that capitalize on sector rotations by highlighting momentum shifts.
Theoretical Background
Momentum strategies are grounded in behavioral finance theory and empirical research. They exploit the tendency of securities with strong past performance to continue outperforming in the short term. Jegadeesh and Titman (1993) demonstrated that momentum strategies yield significant returns over intermediate horizons (3-12 months). Applying this framework to sectors enhances the granularity of momentum analysis.
Limitations
While momentum strategies have shown historical efficacy, they are prone to mean reversion during periods of market instability (Barroso & Santa-Clara, 2015). Moreover, sector ETFs may exhibit varying levels of liquidity and sensitivity to macroeconomic factors, affecting signal reliability.
References
1. Jegadeesh, N., & Titman, S. (1993). “Returns to Buying Winners and Selling Losers: Implications for Stock Market Efficiency.” The Journal of Finance.
2. Barroso, P., & Santa-Clara, P. (2015). “Momentum Has Its Moments.” Journal of Financial Economics.
3. Moskowitz, T. J., & Grinblatt, M. (1999). “Do Industries Explain Momentum?” The Journal of Finance.
This indicator provides a practical tool for evaluating sector-specific momentum dynamics, grounded in robust financial theory. Its modular design allows customization, making it a versatile instrument for momentum-based sector analysis.
FACTOR MONITORThe Factor Monitor is a comprehensive designed to track relative strength and standard deviation movements across multiple market segments and investment factors. The indicator calculates and displays normalized percentage moves and their statistical significance (measured in standard deviations) across daily, 5-day, and 20-day periods, providing a multi-timeframe view of market dynamics.
Key Features:
Real-time tracking of relative performance between various ETF pairs (e.g., QQQ vs SPY, IWM vs SPY)
Standard deviation scoring system that identifies statistically significant moves
Color-coded visualization (green/red) for quick interpretation of relative strength
Multiple timeframe analysis (1-day, 5-day, and 20-day moves)
Monitoring of key market segments:
Style factors (Value, Growth, Momentum)
Market cap segments (Large, Mid, Small)
Sector relative strength
Risk factors (High Beta vs Low Volatility)
Credit conditions (High Yield vs Investment Grade)
The tool is particularly valuable for:
Identifying significant factor rotations in the market
Assessing market breadth through relative strength comparisons
Spotting potential trend changes through statistical deviation analysis
Monitoring sector leadership and market regime shifts
Quantifying the magnitude of market moves relative to historical norms
Macro ParadoxMacro Paradox: A Detailed Explanation
This indicator utilizes multiple streams of global liquidity data (from the US, China, Japan, the UK, and the Eurozone) and combines them with the DXY and HYG for a “macro plumbing” insight. Surprisingly, this creates a paradoxical predictive relationship: when the green line (Weighted DXY) begins rising, dollar-denominated equities (e.g., SPY) often show bullish momentum about 4–7 days later, and vice versa. Below is an in-depth explanation of why and how this occurs.
Global Liquidity Calculation
The script aggregates the balance sheets or liquidity proxies of major central banks and bond markets, including:
Bank of Japan (multiplied by JPYUSD)
People’s Bank of China (multiplied by CNYUSD)
Bank of England (multiplied by GBPUSD)
US Federal Reserve (WALCL)
European Central Bank (multiplied by EURUSD)
Subtracts reverse repo (RRP) and US Treasury general account (TGA) balances (treas_genac)
This net figure represents the total “flow” of major currency liquidity. Higher net liquidity often indicates rising risk-on appetite; lower liquidity can imply risk-off conditions.
HYG Inclusion for Risk Appetite
HYG (the high-yield corporate bond ETF) is a strong barometer of market risk tolerance. When HYG is robust, it indicates investors are willing to buy higher-yield, lower-rated corporate bonds—implying confidence in economic expansion. The script scales HYG like total liquidity, then applies a user-defined weighting ( hygWeight ) so its movement influences the final combined line.
Scaling and Double-EMA Smoothing
For both liquidity ( total ) and each risk metric (DXY, HYG), the script:
Normalizes them over a lookback window ( lookbackBars ) to a 0–100 scale, aligning different absolute values onto a comparable range.
Applies two EMAs in sequence ( smoothLengthFast , smoothLengthSlow )—similar to a MACD-style smoothing—to remove noise and reveal underlying trend momentum more clearly.
By smoothing twice, you get a cleaner signal, making it easier to spot turning points without the usual whipsaws seen with single-smoothing.
Weighted by the Chart’s Price Action
To reflect how these macro flows interact with the specific ticker, the script compares close price to its EMA ( myTickerEma ). The ratio ( close / myTickerEma ) is raised to weightPower , amplifying how overextended or under-extended the ticker is relative to its own trend. The final scaled lines are multiplied by this “ weightFactor ,” adapting them to each ticker’s current price trend.
“Paradoxical” DXY Relationship Explained
Conventionally, a strengthening US dollar can pressure risk assets. However, this script shows a rising Weighted DXY line (green) is often followed by bullishness in dollar-based equities (e.g., SPY) several days later. Why?
When global liquidity is high, capital can flow into US assets, supporting both the dollar and equities.
HYG being strong signals credit-fueled demand; combined with global liquidity, this can push bond and equity prices higher simultaneously.
As the DXY “catches a bid,” it hints at global investors allocating to US assets. This often takes 4–7 days to reflect in the broader equity market, giving the illusion of a “paradox.”
Practical Usage and Timeframes
Because major liquidity data (from central banks, RRP, TGA, etc.) is updated once a day or weekly, smaller intraday charts (like 1-hour) will not accurately capture these macro flows. For this reason, the indicator is most reliable on Daily charts. At higher frequency, signals can be misleading because the macro data does not refresh that often.
Why It’s Unique
Combines total global net liquidity and credit risk sentiment (HYG) into one line, then cross-compares it to DXY for insight into capital flows.
Applies a two-stage EMA smoothing for each series, reducing noise and clarifying the macro trend signal.
Weights the signal by the chart’s own price trend, adapting to each ticker’s technical conditions.
Reveals an unusual yet historically consistent “delayed bullishness” effect when the Weighted DXY (green) starts climbing.
A rising Weighted DXY line (green) often foretells— 4 to 7 days later —an upswing in US equities, contrary to the typical notion that a stronger dollar always harms risk assets. By blending net global liquidity, HYG’s risk appetite measure, and a weighting factor keyed to the chart’s trend, this indicator provides a novel, smoother view of macro flows.
Note: For best results, use Daily or higher timeframes to align with the release schedule of the underlying liquidity data. This avoids short-term noise that doesn’t reflect actual macro changes.
Employee Portfolio Generator [By MUQWISHI]▋ INTRODUCTION :
The “Employee Portfolio Generator” simplifies the process of building a long-term investment portfolio tailored for employees seeking to build wealth through investments rather than traditional bank savings. The tool empowers employees to set up recurring deposits at customizable intervals, enabling to make additional purchases in a list of preferred holdings, with the ability to define the purchasing investment weight for each security. The tool serves as a comprehensive solution for tracking portfolio performance, conducting research, and analyzing specific aspects of portfolio investments. The output includes an index value, a table of holdings, and chart plots, providing a deeper understanding of the portfolio's historical movements.
_______________________
▋ OVERVIEW:
● Scenario (The chart above can be taken as an example) :
Let say, in 2010, a newly employed individual committed to saving $1,000 each month. Rather than relying on a traditional savings account, chose to invest the majority of monthly savings in stable well-established stocks. Allocating 30% of monthly saving to AMEX:SPY and another 30% to NASDAQ:QQQ , recognizing these as reliable options for steady growth. Additionally, there was an admired toward innovative business models of NASDAQ:AAPL , NASDAQ:MSFT , NASDAQ:AMZN , and NASDAQ:EBAY , leading to invest 10% in each of those companies. By the end of 2024, after 15 years, the total monthly deposits amounted to $179,000, which would have been the result of traditional saving alone. However, by sticking into long term invest, the value of the portfolio assets grew, reaching nearly $900,000.
_______________________
▋ OUTPUTS:
The table can be displayed in three formats:
1. Portfolio Index Title: displays the index name at the top, and at the bottom, it shows the index value, along with the chart timeframe, e.g., daily change in points and percentage.
2. Specifications: displays the essential information on portfolio performance, including the investment date range, total deposits, free cash, returns, and assets.
3. Holdings: a list of the holding securities inside a table that contains the ticker, last price, entry price, return percentage of the portfolio's total deposits, and latest weighted percentage of the portfolio. Additionally, a tooltip appears when the user passes the cursor over a ticker's cell, showing brief information about the company, such as the company's name, exchange market, country, sector, and industry.
4. Indication of New Deposit: An indication of a new deposit added to the portfolio for additional purchasing.
5. Chart: The portfolio's historical movements can be visualized in a plot, displayed as a bar chart, candlestick chart, or line chart, depending on the preferred format, as shown below.
_______________________
▋ INDICATOR SETTINGS:
Section(1): Table Settings
(1) Naming the index.
(2) Table location on the chart and cell size.
(3) Sorting Holdings Table. By securities’ {Return(%) Portfolio, Weight(%) Portfolio, or Ticker Alphabetical} order.
(4) Choose the type of index: {Assets, Return, or Return (%)}, and the plot type for the portfolio index: {Candle, Bar, or Line}.
(5) Positive/Negative colors.
(6) Table Colors (Title, Cell, and Text).
(7) To show/hide any of selected indicator’s components.
Section(2): Recurring Deposit Settings
(1) From DateTime of starting the investment.
(2) To DateTime of ending the investment
(3) The amount of recurring deposit into portfolio and currency.
(4) The frequency of recurring deposits into the portfolio {Weekly, 2-Weeks, Monthly, Quarterly, Yearly}
(5) The Depositing Model:
● Fixed: The amount for recurring deposits remains constant throughout the entire investment period.
● Increased %: The recurring deposit amount increases at the selected frequency and percentage throughout the entire investment period.
(5B) If the user selects “ Depositing Model: Increased % ”, specify the growth model (linear or exponential) and define the rate of increase.
Section(3): Portfolio Holdings
(1) Enable a ticker in the investment portfolio.
(2) The selected deposit frequency weight for a ticker. For example, if the monthly deposit is $1,000 and the selected weight for XYZ stock is 30%, $300 will be used to purchase shares of XYZ stock.
(3) Select up to 6 tickers that the investor is interested in for long-term investment.
Please let me know if you have any questions
Real Relative Strength Indicator (Multi-Index Comparison)The Real Relative Strength (RRS) indicator implements the "Real Relative Strength" equation, as detailed on the Real Day Trading subreddit wiki. This equation measures whether a stock is outperforming a benchmark (such as SPY or any preferred ETF/index) by calculating price change normalized by the Average True Range (ATR) of both the stock and the indices it’s being compared to.
The RRS metric often highlights potential accumulation by institutional players. For example, in this chart, you can observe accumulation in McDonald’s beginning at 1:25 pm ET on the 5-minute chart and continuing until 2:55 pm ET. When used in conjunction with other indicators or technical analysis, RRS can provide valuable buy and sell signals.
This indicator also supports multi-index analysis, allowing you to plot relative strength against two indices simultaneously—defaulting to SPY and QQQ—to gain insights into the "real relative strength" across different benchmarks. Additionally, this indicator includes an EMA line and background coloring to help automatically identify relative strength trends, providing a clearer visualization than typical Relative Strength Comparison indicators.
High Volume Strikes - NovaTheMachineConverts your inputs into Horizontal Lines on a chart, Creates a table to indicate all known levels input & tell you how far away you are from each level.
This is a quality of life indicator, not a signal, or trend indicator.
In order for the indicator to plot the levels correctly, please use the following format (Where '$TICKER' is replaced by your instrument of choice such as ' AMEX:SPY ', and 'value' is a positive number with up to 2 decimal places, such as '123.45';
"$TICKER: Golden Strike:value, HVOL Upper:value, HVOL Lower:value, MVC:value, MVP:value, CVR Upper:value, CVR Lower:value, PVR Upper:value, PVR Lower:value, Block 1:value, Block 2:value, Block 3:value, Block 4:value, Block 5:value, Block 6:value"
These Key Levels described below, are values You must determine yourself via Options Chain Volume Analysis
MVC: Most Volume Call - Single Strike with Highest Volume Traded on Call Side
MVP: Most Volume Put - Single Strike with Highest Volume Traded on Put Side
Golden Strike: When MVC = MVP, otherwise = The Sum of (MVP + MVC)/2
HVOL Range: The Range in which Strikes are traded most on both Call & Put sides
PVR: The Total useful Range that is un-interrupted on both Call & Put sides
CVR: The Range of Strikes that is un-interrupted on both Call & Puts sides for the Next Expiry
Blocks: Individual Blocks that may be of significant Volume, on either Call or Put sides, outside the range of CVR & PVR
Prometheus Fractal-Based TrendThe Fractal-Based Trend indicator is a tool that uses fractals to try and detect which direction an underlying will continue to go.
Calculation:
A bullish fractal occurs when the current bar's high is lower than the previous bar high, and the previous bar's high is higher than both the high from two bars ago and the high from three bars ago.
A bearish fractal happens when the current bar's low is higher than the previous bar's low, and the previous bar's low is lower than both the low from two bars ago and the low from three bars ago.
When a bullish or bearish fractal forms, the corresponding value stored is the previous bar high for a bearish fractal or the previous bar's low for a bullish fractal.
The trade scenarios are when these fractals occur, a green or red label being plotted on the chart for whatever direction it predicts.
Trade examples:
We see on this daily chart of AMEX:SPY that the fractals represent the potential for a directional trade that can last a few days. The more volatile a chart is the more of these fractals we can see.
We see on this 5 minute chart for NASDAQ:TSLA there is way more activity, there are more sporadic candles on a lower time frame, so we can see more anomalies in the price action.
We see this to be true for BITSTAMP:BTCUSD even on a daily time frame, since it is very volatile. There are a lot of these labels plotted.
This is the perspective we aim to provide. We encourage traders to not follow indicators blindly. No indicator is 100% accurate. This one can give you a different perspective of price strength with volatility. We encourage any comments about desired updates or criticism!
3-Bar (Outside Bar) Scanner with Table Display# 3-Bar (Outside Bar) Scanner with Table Display
## Overview
The **3-Bar (Outside Bar) Scanner with Table Display** is a custom TradingView indicator designed for traders who utilize **The Strat** methodology. This indicator scans for **3-bar (Outside Bar)** patterns across multiple symbols and displays the results in a convenient table format directly on your chart.
## Purpose
- **Efficient Multi-Symbol Scanning**: Monitor up to four symbols simultaneously for 3-bar patterns without the need to switch between charts.
- **Real-Time Updates**: The table dynamically updates with new price data, providing immediate insights into potential trading opportunities.
- **Visual Clarity**: Displays whether a 3-bar is bullish ("3 Up") or bearish ("3 Down"), helping you quickly interpret market sentiment.
## How It Works
- **Data Retrieval**: The indicator uses `request.security()` to fetch high, low, open, and close prices for the specified symbols and timeframe.
- **3-Bar Detection**:
- **Outside Bar Criteria**: Checks if the current candle's high is higher than the previous candle's high and the current low is lower than the previous low.
- **Direction Determination**:
- **"3 Up"**: If the candle closes higher than it opens (bullish candle).
- **"3 Down"**: If the candle closes lower than it opens (bearish candle).
- **Table Display**:
- The table shows the **Symbol**, **Timeframe**, and **State** ("3 Up", "3 Down", or blank if no pattern detected).
- Customizable colors and positioning to fit your chart's aesthetics.
## Best Use Cases
- **Rapid Market Analysis**: Ideal for traders needing a quick overview of multiple assets for potential 3-bar setups.
- **Strategic Decision-Making**: Helps identify key reversal or continuation patterns in alignment with **The Strat** principles.
- **Scalable Monitoring**: By utilizing TradingView's multi-chart layouts, you can expand monitoring beyond four symbols.
## Instructions for Use
### Adding the Indicator to Your Chart
1. **Copy the Code**: Use the provided Pine Script code for the indicator.
2. **Create a New Indicator**:
- In TradingView, click on **Pine Editor** at the bottom of the platform.
- Paste the code into the editor.
3. **Save and Add to Chart**:
- Click **Save** and give your indicator a name.
- Click **Add to Chart** to apply it.
### Customizing the Inputs
- **Symbols**:
- **Symbol 1**: Leave blank to use the current chart's symbol or enter a specific symbol (e.g., `AAPL`).
- **Symbol 2 to Symbol 4**: Enter additional symbols or leave them blank.
- **Timeframe**: Select your desired timeframe (e.g., `D` for Daily, `60` for 60-minute).
- **Table Colors**:
- Customize header and data colors for better visibility against your chart background.
### Interpreting the Table
- **Symbol**: Displays the symbol without the exchange prefix for clarity.
- **Timeframe**: Shows the timeframe applied to the analysis.
- **State**:
- **"3 Up"**: A bullish outside bar where the candle closed higher than it opened.
- **"3 Down"**: A bearish outside bar where the candle closed lower than it opened.
- **Blank**: No 3-bar pattern detected on the latest candle.
### Monitoring More Than Four Symbols
- **Multi-Chart Layout**:
- Use TradingView's multi-chart feature to display multiple charts within a single workspace.
- Apply the indicator to each chart. For example:
- **Four-Chart Grid**: Monitor up to 16 symbols by setting up four charts, each with the indicator tracking four symbols.
- **Steps**:
1. Arrange your workspace into a multi-chart layout.
2. Add the indicator to each chart.
3. Input different symbols into the indicator on each chart.
## Example Usage
Suppose you want to monitor the following symbols on a Daily timeframe:
- **Symbol 1**: *(Leave blank to use the current chart's symbol, e.g., `SPY`)*
- **Symbol 2**: `AAPL`
- **Symbol 3**: `TSLA`
- **Symbol 4**: `AMZN`
After adding the indicator and entering these symbols:
- **SPY**: The table shows "3 Up" in the State column, indicating a bullish outside bar.
- **AAPL**: No 3-bar pattern detected; the State column is blank.
- **TSLA**: The table shows "3 Down," indicating a bearish outside bar.
- **AMZN**: The table shows "3 Up," indicating another bullish outside bar.
This setup allows you to quickly assess which symbols are exhibiting significant patterns that may warrant further analysis or action.
## Notes
- **Customization**: Feel free to adjust the table's position and colors to suit your preferences.
- **Limitations**:
- Be aware of TradingView's limitations on `request.security()` calls, which may vary based on your subscription plan.
- The indicator is designed to monitor up to four symbols per instance due to these limitations.
- **Scalability**:
- By using multi-chart layouts, you can effectively monitor more symbols without overloading a single chart.
- This approach allows you to scale up your monitoring capabilities to fit your trading strategy.
## Conclusion
The **3-Bar (Outside Bar) Scanner with Table Display** is a valuable tool for traders who utilize **The Strat** methodology. It streamlines the process of identifying key 3-bar patterns across multiple symbols and timeframes, enhancing your ability to make informed trading decisions quickly.
By integrating this indicator into your trading routine, you can:
- Stay alert to significant market movements.
- Reduce the time spent manually scanning charts.
- Increase efficiency in executing your trading strategy.
---
Feel free to share this indicator with the Strat community. Feedback and suggestions are welcome to further enhance its functionality. Happy trading!
Correlation with AveragesThe "Correlation with Averages" indicator is designed to visualize and analyze the correlation between a selected asset's price and a base symbol's price, such as the S&P 500 (SPY). This indicator allows users to evaluate how closely an asset’s price movements align with those of the base symbol over various time periods, providing insights into market trends and potential portfolio adjustments.
Key Features:
Base Symbol and Correlation Period:
Users can specify the base symbol (default is SPY) and the period for correlation measurement (default is 252 trading days, approximating one year).
Correlation Calculation:
The indicator computes the correlation between the asset’s closing price and the base symbol’s closing price for the defined period.
Visualization:
The correlation value is plotted on the chart, with conditional background colors indicating the strength and direction of the correlation:
Red for negative correlation (below -0.5)
Green for positive correlation (above 0.5)
Yellow for neutral correlation (between -0.5 and 0.5)
Average Correlation Over Time:
Average correlations are calculated and displayed for various periods: one week, one month, one year, and five years.
A table on the chart provides dynamic updates of these average values with color-coded backgrounds to indicate correlation strength.
The Role of Correlation in Portfolio Management
Correlation is a crucial concept in portfolio management because it measures the degree to which two securities move in relation to each other. Understanding correlation helps investors construct diversified portfolios that balance risk and return. Here's why correlation is important:
Diversification:
By including assets with low or negative correlation in a portfolio, investors can reduce overall portfolio volatility and risk. For instance, if one asset is negatively correlated with another, when one performs poorly, the other may perform well, thus smoothing the overall returns.
Risk Management:
Correlation analysis helps in identifying the potential impact of one asset’s performance on the entire portfolio. Assets with high correlation can lead to concentrated risk, while those with low correlation offer better risk management.
Performance Analysis:
Correlation measures the degree to which asset returns move together. This can inform strategic decisions, such as whether to adjust positions based on expected market conditions.
Scientific References
Markowitz, H. M. (1952). "Portfolio Selection." Journal of Finance, 7(1), 77-91.
This foundational paper introduced Modern Portfolio Theory, highlighting the importance of diversification and correlation in reducing portfolio risk.
Jorion, P. (2007). Financial Risk Manager Handbook. Wiley.
This handbook provides an in-depth exploration of risk management techniques, including the use of correlation in portfolio management.
Elton, E. J., Gruber, M. J., Brown, S. J., & Goetzmann, W. N. (2014). Modern Portfolio Theory and Investment Analysis. Wiley.
This book elaborates on the concepts of correlation and diversification, offering practical insights into portfolio construction and risk management.
By utilizing the "Correlation with Averages" indicator, traders and portfolio managers can make informed decisions based on the relationship between asset prices and the base symbol, ultimately enhancing their investment strategies.
Prometheus StochasticThe Stochastic indicator is a popular indicator developed in the 1950s. It is designed to identify overbought and oversold scenarios on different assets. A value above 80 is considered overbought and a value below 20 is considered oversold.
The formula is as follows:
%k = ((Close - Low_i) / (High_i / Low_i)) * 100
Low_i and High_i represent the lowest low and highest high of the selected period.
The Prometheus version takes a slightly different approach:
%k = ((High - Lowest_Close_i) / (High_i / Low_i)) * 100
Using the Current High minus the Lowest Close provides us with a more robust range that can be slightly more sensitive to moves and provide a different perspective.
Code:
stoch_func(src_close, src_high, src_low, length) =>
100 * (src_high - ta.lowest(src_close, length)) / (ta.highest(src_high, length) - ta.lowest(src_low, length))
This is the function that returns our Stochastic indicator.
What period do we use for the calculation? Let Prometheus handle that, we utilize a Sum of Squared Error calculation to find what lookback values can be most useful for a trader. How we do it is we calculate a Simple Moving Average or SMA and the indicator using a lot of different bars back values. Then if there is an event, characterized by the indicator crossing above 80 or below 20, we subtract the close by the SMA and square it. If there is no event we return a big value, we want the error to be as small as possible. Because we loop over every value for bars back, we get the value with the smallest error. We also do this for the smoothing values.
// Function to calculate SSE for a given combination of N, K, and D
sse_calc(_N, _K, _D) =>
SMA = ta.sma(close, _N)
sf = stoch_func(close, high, low, _N)
k = ta.sma(sf, _K)
d = ta.sma(k, _D)
var float error = na
if ta.crossover(d, 80) or ta.crossunder(d, 20)
error := math.pow(close - SMA, 2)
else
error := 999999999999999999999999999999999999999
error
var int best_N = na
var int best_K = na
var int best_D = na
var float min_SSE = na
// Loop through all combinations of N, K, and D
for N in N_range
for K in K_range
for D in D_range
sse = sse_calc(N, K, D)
if (na(min_SSE) or sse < min_SSE)
min_SSE := sse
best_N := N
best_K := K
best_D := D
int N_opt = na
int K_opt = na
int D_opt = na
if c_lkb_bool == false
N_opt := best_N
K_opt := best_K
D_opt := best_D
This is the section where the best lookback values are calculated.
We provide the option to use this self optimizer or to use your own lookback values.
Here is an example on the daily AMEX:SPY chart. The top Stochastic is the value with the SSE calculation, the bottom is with a fixed 14, 1, 3 input values. We see in the candles with boxes where some potential differences and trades may be.
This is another comparison of the SSE functionality and the fixed lookbacks on the NYSE:PLTR 1 day chart.
Differences may be more apparent on lower time frame charts.
We encourage traders to not follow indicators blindly, none are 100% accurate. SSE does not guarantee that the values generated will be the best for a given moment in time. Please comment on any desired updates, all criticism is welcome!
TFC Alerts Multi Time Frame
TFC Alerts Multi Time Frame
The TFC Alerts Multi Time Frame indicator is a powerful tool designed to monitor full timeframe continuity (FTFC) across multiple symbols and multiple timeframes simultaneously. This indicator tracks the performance of four selected symbols (e.g., SPY, QQQ, DIA, IWM) across four distinct timeframes, providing visual alerts when all selected symbols are in full continuity.
### Key Features:
- **Multi-Timeframe Monitoring:** Track up to four different symbols across four separate timeframes (e.g., 60-minute, daily, weekly, monthly) in a single indicator, offering a comprehensive view of market continuity over various time horizons.
- **FTFC Alerts:** The indicator provides visual labels on the chart when all selected symbols are in full continuity across the chosen timeframes. Green labels indicate that all symbols are above their open prices across all timeframes (bullish FTFC), while red labels show that all symbols are below their open prices (bearish FTFC).
- **Versatile Timeframe Selection:** Each symbol is monitored across four customizable timeframes. Traders can adjust these to fit their trading strategy, whether they are looking at shorter intraday intervals like 5-minute, 15-minute, 30-minute, and 60-minute, or longer-term perspectives such as daily, weekly, monthly, and even quarterly timeframes.
### Image Explanation:
- **Full Timeframe Continuity Overview:** This image illustrates the indicator set to monitor the 5-minute, 15-minute, 30-minute, and 60-minute timeframes for each of the four symbols (SPY, QQQ, DIA, IWM). The FTFC labels plot on the chart when all four timeframes for each symbol align in the same direction. This setup is flexible and can easily be adjusted to longer timeframes such as the 60-minute, daily, weekly, and monthly intervals, depending on the trader’s preferred time horizon.
### Most Powerful Use Case:
The most powerful way to use this indicator is to confirm market trends across your chosen timeframes by monitoring major indices or sector ETFs. For short-term traders, setting the indicator to track 5-minute, 15-minute, 30-minute, and 60-minute timeframes allows for quick identification of intraday trends. For longer-term traders, adjusting the timeframes to 60-minute, daily, weekly, and monthly (or even quarterly and yearly) provides a robust analysis of market alignment over extended periods. This versatility makes it invaluable for executing trades that align with broader market momentum, regardless of the trading horizon.
Market Internals: VolumeThe indicator plots the total volume of the NYSE and NASDAQ exchanges and identifies periods with significant asymmetry between Up Volume and Down Volume. It can be used as an additional tool to confirm broad market sentiment.
Chart shows Total Volume (TVOL) bars for SPY daily chart. Green bars for UVOL>>DVOL, Red for DVOL>>UVOL. Neutral bars are gray. Blue line shows median TVOL.
Rationale:
Up Volume (UVOL) and Down Volume (DVOL) represent the total volume of stocks that have increased or decreased in price, respectively, compared to the previous session's closing price. The magnitude of the price change is irrelevant.
When UVOL is significantly higher than DVOL, it indicates a prevailing buying sentiment in the broad market. Conversely, when DVOL is higher, it signals prevailing selling sentiment.
Occasionally, the UVOL/DVOL (VOLD) ratio may be misaligned with the movement of the S&P index. The picture below illustrates an example of a day when the S&P declined, yet the UVOL was twice larger than DVOL. Such a divergence can suggest that the S&P was pulled down by a decline in a few large-cap stocks, while the broader market remained positive. In this case, the divergence led to a continuation of the rally.
Thus, VOLD, when combined with volume analysis, can be an effective tool for confirming market trends.
Parameters:
VOLD Ratio – minimum ratio of UVOL/DVOL or DVOL/UVOL. Indicator will color code volume columns when condition is true (“green” means buying; “red” selling).
Median Length – number of periods to calculate median TVOL.
Show Divergencies – indicator marks divergencies between price and volume sentiments on the main chart. Only works for SPY chart.
Users can also choose which exchanges (NASDAQ/NYSE) to use for volume calculation.
Notes:
Volume is shown in millions of contracts
Indicator should be used on the daily or higher timeframes. It won't work properly on the intraday charts
Disclaimer
This indicator should not be used as a standalone tool to make trading decisions but only in conjunction with other technical analysis methods.
Relative Performance AnalysisRelative Performance Analysis Script
This Pine Script creates a detailed table on your TradingView chart to compare the performance of a specified asset against a benchmark over multiple time frames. The table is fully customizable, allowing you to select its location on the chart and display performance metrics for different periods.
Features:
Customizable Table Location: Choose where the table appears on your chart from a range of predefined positions (e.g., bottom left, top center).
Dynamic Column Headers: The table includes columns for the ticker, description, and performance metrics for various time periods (1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year).
Performance Calculation: Calculates the percentage change in performance between the current close price and the previous close price for each time frame.
Color-Coded Performance: Uses a color scheme to highlight performance levels, with specific colors for positive and negative changes to easily visualize performance trends.
Benchmark and Asset Comparison: Displays performance metrics for both a benchmark (e.g., SPY) and the asset currently viewed on the chart, providing a clear comparison.
Inputs:
Benchmark Symbol: Specify the symbol of the benchmark asset (e.g., SPY).
Benchmark Description: Provide a description for the benchmark asset.
Chart Symbol: Automatically uses the symbol of the chart for comparison.
Usage:
Add the script to your TradingView chart.
Configure the benchmark symbol and description as needed.
The table will automatically populate with performance data and be positioned according to your selection.
Disclaimer:
This script is for informational and educational purposes only and is not intended as financial advice. The performance data displayed in the table is based on historical prices and is not indicative of future performance. Trading involves risk, and you should always do your own research and consult with a qualified financial advisor before making any investment decisions. The creator of this script assumes no responsibility for any losses or damages incurred as a result of using this tool.
Support and Resistance Pivot Points/Lines [Mauserrifle]Support and Resistance Pivot Points/Lines by Mauserrifle. A personal take on drawing support and resistance pivot lines. This indicator was born as the core of bot strategies I am trying to build. I think this indicator with its feature called “Cooldown rounding” can be useful to others to manually scalp or analyze charts. I did not find other indicators to do the same so I hope you find it useful.
A summary of the features:
It will draw high/low pivot lines based on a maximum of eight higher timeframes
You can set up how many days the lines are valid and appear per timeframe. The default period days are based on a 2m chart strategy. Consider higher values for day charts.
The lines will be drawn from the moment when they are KNOWN, which helps analyzing historical charts. You can change this behavior to make them draw from the pivot (looking at future data on historic data)
The pivot point lines can be rounded by multiple methods: round, ceil/floor, roundn (decimal) and round_to_mintick. This general rounding feature is disabled by default because, in my opinion, a much more useful one can be used which I call “Cooldown rounding” described in the next point.
Cooldown rounding: Round lows and highs for a cooldown period to keep the previous pivot line instead of adding a new line when they match the rounded value within the cooldown period. The existing line will be extended. This feature is useful because it makes sure the initial line is added to the exact high/low pivot level but any future lines within the rounding will just extend the existing line. Consider using roundn on some intraday charts such as SPY 2m.
You can set a maximum minutes for the cooldown. The default is 3 years which is just based on some charting techniques for scalping 2m. It will just enable the cooldown rounding permanently on the intraday (due max bar limit) and with a limit on daily. Tweak it to your needs.
It is possible to always add new pivot lines when a new high is higher or low is lower compared to previous line. Thus ignoring the rounding logic. Consider disabling it on intraday charts such as SPY 2m.
NOTE:
Only configured timeframes EQUAL/ABOVE your chart timeframe will activate
The default period days are optimized for a 2m intraday trading strategy. Consider higher values for day charts.
Max lines rendered is set to 500
Line calculation is limited by the max bars of the chart and date range
Repainting may happen on intraday when for example using a 2m chart timeframe with pivots on 15m+ (as documented by tradingview). Rendered days 7+ will also cause repainting issues on 2m charts. See tradingview support docs: 43000478429. For scalping manually using already known lines this shouldn't be a problem I think but be aware!
The default settings have been set so every chart timeframe will show lines without further configuration.
Keep an eye on the data window how many lines are rendered. Make sure you never exceed 500. Anything above will cause earlier lines to disappear which could be a problem when you use it to analyze historical data.
I hope you find this useful!
DISCLAIMER
Trading is risky & most day traders lose money. This indicator is purely for informational & educational purposes only. Past performance does not guarantee future results.
PUMP IndicatorsPUMP Indicator Description
★ Supported Markets and Assets
The PUMP indicator is a versatile tool that can be effectively applied to various markets and assets, including:
▶ Korean Stocks: KOSPI, KOSDAQ, etc.
▶ U.S. Stocks: NYSE, NASDAQ, etc.
▶ Cryptocurrencies: Major cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), etc.
▶ Futures: Major futures contracts like gold, silver, crude oil, etc.
▶ ETFs: SPY, QQQ, etc.
★ Indicator Description
The PUMP indicator is designed to analyze price divergence and volatility.
It is provided with minimal representation on the chart, allowing users to use it in conjunction with other indicators, such as classical RSI, TRIX, CCI, ADX, BWI, Bollinger Bands, etc.
Everything displayed on the chart can be turned on or off in the options, allowing users to customize their setup.
The PUMP indicator is based on the concept of the MACD indicator, which calculates the difference between the leading line and the lagging line to generate signals.
GOOD, UP, and CR signals predict price increases.
DOWN and BAD signals predict price decreases.
WARN emphasizes that the buy position is not certain, regardless of price increases or decreases.
Therefore, the PUMP indicator is good to use with other indicators. It visually displays divergence and volatility signals along with the MACD movements below, and users can receive alerts for movements in their interested stocks using the alarm function.
It can be used as an indicator for viewing buy and sell signals, as well as predicting the price flow.
▶ (Drawback) Unlike typical TRIX, RSI, TRIX, CCI, ADX, BWI indicators, which are implemented in a new lower window, the PUMP indicator displays both signals and the leading and lagging lines simultaneously, so it is not implemented in a new window, meaning the baseline may vary depending on the daily chart appearance.
★ The PUMP indicator consists of the following components:
▶ PUMP Indicator Leading and Lagging Lines
PUMP t: Leading line (yellow)
PUMP p: Lagging line (blue)
The MACD displayed at the bottom of the chart calculates the divergence between the PUMP t leading line and the PUMP p lagging line.
▶ EA Formula
The core calculation of the PUMP indicator is as follows:
EA (Exponential Average): 100 * (eavg1 / eavg2)
Where eavg1 is the short-term EMA, and eavg2 is the long-term EMA.
It calculates the divergence of the index.
▶ The PUMP indicator is a fixed indicator (cannot be arbitrarily modified).
▶ Highlights: The method of calculating the interval or number of uses is an important part of the index calculation and is therefore private.
★ Signal Description
The PUMP indicator provides a total of six major signals:
▶ UP Signal: Occurs when the divergence between the MACD PUMP t leading line and PUMP p lagging line narrows, and the divergence of the exponential moving average widens compared to before.
▶ DOWN Signal: Occurs when the MACD PUMP t leading line crosses above the PUMP p lagging line.
▶ GOOD Signal: Represents an UP signal with added volume.
(The GOOD signal is not necessarily better than the UP signal. If a GOOD signal appears in a stock that has sufficiently fallen in price, it helps understand that a rebound has started. Therefore, the GOOD signal is made to find a rebound in stocks that have continuously declined, rather than finding signals in consistently rising prices.)
▶ BAD Signal: Occurs when the PUMP t leading line crosses above the 0 baseline, indicating a potential sell signal.
▶ WARN Signal: A warning signal occurring at high levels, indicating that buying is not recommended (regardless of buy or sell).
▶ CR Signal: Occurs in all sections where the PUMP t leading line crosses below the PUMP p lagging line.
★ Lower MACD Horizontal Baseline
The PUMP indicator provides three horizontal baselines from the MACD indicator for additional analysis:
▶ Pump H
▶ PUMP M
▶ PUMP L
It visually provides the divergence of the lower MACD indicator for rising and falling changes, with the default set to 0, and users can change the numbers in the options as needed.
★ Moving Averages
The PUMP indicator provides three basic moving averages:
▶ Buzz 7: 7-day moving average
▶ Buzz 26: 26-day moving average
▶ Buzz 120: 120-day moving average
The number of moving averages is fixed, but users can use them in conjunction with the moving averages provided by TradingView as needed.
★ Alert Function
Using the Alert function of TradingView, you can set alerts for various signals generated by the PUMP indicator.
▶ GOOD Signal Alert
▶ UP Signal Alert
▶ CR Signal Alert
▶ DOWN Signal Alert
▶ BAD Signal Alert
▶ WARN Signal Alert
★ Usage
1. The PUMP indicator is not focused on buy and sell signals but calculates the current price movement and divergence and is designed to express it through MACD leading and lagging lines and signals.
2. The PUMP indicator can be used alone or in conjunction with other indicators for technical analysis.
3. You can analyze buy and sell using the signals of the PUMP indicator along with fundamental analysis, such as news, issues, national policies, company profits, and sales increases.
4. The MACD leading and lagging lines at the bottom of the chart move inversely to the price, ensuring that the PUMP indicator does not interfere when used with other indicators.
5. You can receive real-time alerts using the alarm function.
Below, we attach pictures to help users understand.
============================================
PUMP 인디케이터 설명(한글)
★ 지원되는 시장 및 자산
PUMP 표시기는 다음과 같은 다양한 시장 및 자산에 효과적으로 적용할 수 있는 다용도 도구입니다:
▶ 한국주식: KOSPI, KOSDAQ 등.
▶ 미국주식: NYSE, NASDAQ 등.
▶ 암호화폐: 비트코인(BTC), 이더리움(ETH) 등 주요 암호화폐.
▶ 선물 : 금, 은, 원유 등 주요 선물 계약.
▶ 상장지수펀드(ETF) : SPY, QQQ 등.
★ 지표 설명
PUMP 지표는 가격 이격과 변동성을 분석하도록 설계되었습니다.
사용자가 만든 지표 또는 고전 RSI, TRIX, CCI, ADX, BWI, Bollinger Bands 등과 함께 사용할 수 있게 차트에 최소한의 표현으로 제공됩니다.
그리고 차트에 표현되는 모든 것들을 옵션에서 on / off 가능하게 하였기에 사용자가 커스텀 할 수 있게 하였습니다.
PUMP 지표 신호를 생성하기 위해 선행 라인과 후행 라인 간의 차이를 계산하는 MACD 지표의 개념을 기반으로 합니다.
GOOD, UP, CR 신호는 가격 상승을 예측합니다.
DOWN, BAD 신호는 가격 하락을 예측합니다.
WARN은 가격 상승과 하락에 관계없이, 매수 자리는 확실히 아님을 강조한 신호입니다.
그러므로 PUMP 지표는 다른 지표와 함께 사용하기 좋고, 이격과 변동성을 신호와 하단 MACD 움직임을 눈으로 볼 수 있으며, 알람 기능을 활용하여 관심 있는 종목의 움직임을 알람으로 받아 볼 수 있는 지표입니다.
매수와 매도를 보는 지표로 사용할 수 있으며, 가격의 흐름을 예상하는 지표로 사용할 수 있습니다.
▶ (단점) 보통의 TRIX, RSI, TRIX, CCI, ADX, BWI 지표들은 하단의 새로운 창에서 구현됩니다. 하지만 PUMP 지표는 신호와 하단 선행과 후행을 동시에 표현하기 때문에 새로운 창에서 구현되지 않기에 기준 축이 일봉의 모습에 따라 달라질 수 있습니다.
★ PUMP 지표는 다음과 같은 구성요소로 구성됩니다
▶ PUMP 지표 선행과 후행
PUMP t : 선행라인 (노란색)
PUMP p : 후행라인 (파란색)
차트 하단에 나타나는 MACD는 PUMP t선행라인과 PUMP p 후행라인의 이격도를 계산합니다.
▶ EA공식
PUMP 지표의 핵심 계산식은 다음과 같습니다:
EA(지수평균): 100 * (eavg1 / eavg2)
여기서 eavg1은 단기 EMA이고 eavg2는 장기 EMA입니다.
지수의 이격도를 계산합니다.
▶ PUMP 지표는 고정 지표입니다. (임의 수정 불가)
▶ 강조 : 이격의 계산법이나 사용하는 숫자는 지표 계산의 중요한 부분이므로 비공개입니다.
★ 신호 설명
PUMP 표시등은 총 6개의 주요 신호를 제공합니다:
▶ UP 신호: MACD PUMP t 선행과 PUMP p 후행의 이격이 줄어들 때, 지수 이동 평균의 이격도가 이전 보다 넓어지면 발생합니다.
▶ DOWN 신호: MACD PUMP t 선행이 PUMP p 후행을 상향 교차할 때 발생합니다.
▶ GOOD 신호: 거래량이 추가된 UP 신호를 나타냅니다.
(GOOD 신호가 UP 신호보다 좋다기 보다, 충분히 가격 하락한 종목에서 GOOD 신호가 나온다면 반등이 시작되는 것을 이해할 수 있게 만든 지표입니다. 그러므로 GOOD 신호는 가격이 꾸준히 상승하는 곳에서 신호를 찾기보다, 지속 하락하다 반등을 찾는 신호로 만들었습니다.)
▶ BAD 신호: PUMP t 선행이 0 기준선 이상으로 교차할 때 발생하며, 이는 잠재적인 판매 신호를 나타냅니다.
▶ 경고 신호: 높은 수준에서 발생하는 경고 신호로, 매수가 권장되지 않음을 나타냅니다(매수, 매도와 무관함).
▶ CR 신호: PUMP t 선행 라인이 PUMP p 후행 라인 아래로 교차하는 모든 구간에서 발생합니다.
★ 하단 MACD 가로 기준선
PUMP 표시기는 추가 분석을 위해 MACD 지표에서 3가지 가로 기준을 제공합니다:
▶ pump H
▶ PUMP M
▶ PUMP L
하단의 MACD 지표의 이격도를 상승 및 하강의 변화를 시각적으로 기준을 만들 수 있게 제공하며, 기본은 0으로 제공하고, 사용자의 필요에 따라 옵션에서 숫자를 변경할 수 있게 하였습니다.
★ 이동 평균
PUMP 표시기는 세 가지 기본 이동 평균을 제공 합니다:
▶ Buzz 7: 7일 이동 평균
▶ Buzz 26: 26일 이동 평균
▶ Buzz 120 : 120일 이동 평균
이동 평균의 수는 고정되어 있지만, 사용자는 필요에 따라 TradingView에서 제공하는 이동 평균과 함께 사용할 수 있습니다.
★ 알림 기능
TradingView의 Alert 기능을 사용하여 PUMP 지표 생성되는 다양한 신호에 대한 Alert를 설정할 수 있습니다.
▶ GOOD 신호 알림
▶ UP 신호 알림
▶ CR 신호 알림
▶ DOWN 신호 알림
▶ BAD 신호 알림
▶ WARN 신호 알림
★ 사용법
1.PUMP 지표는 매수와 매도에 중점을 둔 지표가 아니며 현재 가격의 움직임과 이격도를 계산하며 MACD 선행과 후행 그리고 신호로 표현하기 위해 만들어진 지표입니다.
2. PUMP 지표는 단일로 사용할 수 있고, 또는 다른 지표와 함께 기술적분석으로 사용할 수 있습니다.
3. 뉴스와 이슈, 국가의 정책, 회사의 이익, 매출의 상승 등 기본적분석과 함께 PUMP 지표의 신호를 이용하여 매수와 매도 분석을 할 수 있습니다.
4. 차트 하단의 MACD 선행과 후행은 가격의 움직임을 반대로 움직이며, 가격과 반대로 움직이게 함으로써 다른 지표와 함께 사용하였을 때, PUMP 지표가 방해가 되지 않게 하였습니다.
5. 알람을 사용하여 실시간으로 알람을 받아 보실 수 있습니다.
아래 사진을 첨부하여 사용자 이해를 돕습니다.
============================================
UP신호는 이격을
▶ The UP signal indicates horizontal divergence.
CR신호는 선행이 후행을 아래로 돌파
▶ The CR signal indicates vertical divergence when the leading line crosses below the lagging line.
WARN 신호를 확인
▶ Check the WARN signal.
BAD와 DOWN 신호
▶ BAD and DOWN signals.
PUMP 지표의 기준 3개
3 criteria for PUMP indicators
따로 그림을 그리지 않은 차트
▶ A chart without separate drawings.
============================================
다른 지표와 + 조합
+ Combination with other indicators
Market Inner Strength IndexThe "Market Inner Strength Index" is an indicator designed to visually represent the market strength by analyzing the six major sectors: XLK, XLV, XLF, XLY, XLC and XLI. These sectors represent more than 80% of the SPX index, making their performance crucial for understanding overall market conditions. The indicator calculates the individual strengths of these sectors and combines them to provide an overall market strength index, helping to identify scenarios of sector rotation, euphoria, or panic.
Rationale:
The six major sectors (XLK, XLV, XLF, XLY, XLC, XLI) are essential as they encompass a significant portion of the SPX index. Typically, money rotates among these sectors, meaning some sectors grow while others decline. Rare occasions where all sectors move in the same direction can indicate market-wide euphoria (upwards) or panic (downwards). The Market Inner Strength Index helps track sector performance and identify these scenarios.
Methodology:
Script requests current timeframe data for each of the sectors and assigns scores, based on its performance. It will work best on the daily and higher timeframes but can also be used on the lower timeframes.
Score assignment:
If the sector is green (positive performance) for the given timeframe, it receives positive points.
If the sector is red (negative performance), it receives negative points.
If the current close price is above the previous period high, additional positive points are assigned.
If the current close price is below the previous period low, additional negative points are assigned.
The scores for the six sectors are averaged to compute a total score, which is plotted on the chart. A table displays the performance of each sector, color-coded based on their scores for the last period.
Parameters:
Neutral Zone : Define the neutral zone threshold.
Heikin Ashi : Option to use Heikin Ashi candles instead of normal ones.
Show Divergency : Option to show divergences on the chart. Divergence occurs when the SPY is bullish, but the sector score is bearish, or vice versa. This option will only work on SPY chart.
Sector selections : Enable/disable specific sectors in score calculation.
Options Overlay [Pro] IVR IV Skew Delta Exp.mv MurreyMath Expiry
𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝗳𝗶𝗿𝘀𝘁 𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗹 𝗼𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻𝘀 𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗮 𝗶𝗻𝗱𝗶𝗰𝗮𝘁𝗼𝗿 𝗼𝗻 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗩𝗶𝗲𝘄, 𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟱𝟬+ 𝗹𝗶𝗾𝘂𝗶𝗱 𝗨𝗦 𝗺𝗮𝗿𝗸𝗲𝘁 𝘀𝘆𝗺𝗯𝗼𝗹𝘀.
🔃 Auto-Updating Option Metrics without refresh!
🍒 Developed and maintained by option traders for option traders.
📈 Specifically designed for TradingView users who trade options.
Our indicator provides essential key metrics such as:
✅ IVRank
✅ IVx
✅ 5-Day IVx Change
✅ Delta curves and interpolated distances
✅ Expected move curve
✅ Standard deviation (STD1) curve
✅ Vertical Pricing Skew
✅ Horizontal IVx Skew
✅ Delta Skew
like TastyTrade, TOS, IBKR etc, but in a much more visually intuitive way. See detailed descriptions below.
If this isn't enough, we also include a unique grid system designed specifically for options traders. This package features our innovative dynamic grid system:
✅ Enhanced Murrey Math levels (horizontal scale)
✅ Options expirations (vertical scale)
Designed to help you assess market conditions and make well-informed trading decisions, this tool is an essential addition for every serious options trader!
Ticker Information:
This indicator is currently implemented for more than 150 liquid US market tickers and we are continuously expanding the list:
SP:SPX AMEX:SPY NASDAQ:QQQ NASDAQ:TLT AMEX:GLD
NYSE:AA NASDAQ:AAL NASDAQ:AAPL NYSE:ABBV NASDAQ:ABNB NASDAQ:AMD NASDAQ:AMZN AMEX:ARKK NASDAQ:AVGO NYSE:AXP NYSE:BA NYSE:BABA NYSE:BAC NASDAQ:BIDU AMEX:BITO NYSE:BMY NYSE:BP NASDAQ:BYND NYSE:C NYSE:CAT NYSE:CCJ NYSE:CCL NASDAQ:COIN NYSE:COP NASDAQ:COST NYSE:CRM NASDAQ:CRWD NASDAQ:CSCO NYSE:CVNA NYSE:CVS NYSE:CVX NYSE:DAL NASDAQ:DBX AMEX:DIA NYSE:DIS NASDAQ:DKNG NASDAQ:EBAY NASDAQ:ETSY NASDAQ:EXPE NYSE:F NYSE:FCX NYSE:FDX AMEX:FXI AMEX:GDX AMEX:GDXJ NYSE:GE NYSE:GM NYSE:GME NYSE:GOLD NASDAQ:GOOG NASDAQ:GOOGL NYSE:GPS NYSE:GS NASDAQ:HOOD NYSE:IBM NASDAQ:IEF NASDAQ:INTC AMEX:IWM NASDAQ:JD NYSE:JNJ NYSE:JPM NYSE:JWN NYSE:KO NYSE:LLY NYSE:LOW NYSE:LVS NYSE:MA NASDAQ:MARA NYSE:MCD NYSE:MET NASDAQ:META NYSE:MGM NYSE:MMM NYSE:MPC NYSE:MRK NASDAQ:MRNA NYSE:MRO NASDAQ:MRVL NYSE:MS NASDAQ:MSFT AMEX:MSOS NYSE:NCLH NASDAQ:NDX NYSE:NET NASDAQ:NFLX NYSE:NIO NYSE:NKE NASDAQ:NVDA NASDAQ:ON NYSE:ORCL NYSE:OXY NASDAQ:PEP NYSE:PFE NYSE:PINS NYSE:PLTR NASDAQ:PTON NASDAQ:PYPL NASDAQ:QCOM NYSE:RBLX NYSE:RCL NASDAQ:RIOT NASDAQ:RIVN NASDAQ:ROKU NASDAQ:SBUX NYSE:SHOP AMEX:SLV NASDAQ:SMCI NASDAQ:SMH NYSE:SNAP NYSE:SQ NYSE:T NYSE:TGT NASDAQ:TQQQ NASDAQ:TSLA NYSE:TSM NASDAQ:TTD NASDAQ:TXN NYSE:U NASDAQ:UAL NYSE:UBER AMEX:UNG NYSE:UPS NASDAQ:UPST AMEX:USO NYSE:V AMEX:VXX NYSE:VZ NASDAQ:WBA NYSE:WFC NYSE:WMT NASDAQ:WYNN NYSE:X AMEX:XHB AMEX:XLE AMEX:XLF AMEX:XLI AMEX:XLK AMEX:XLP AMEX:XLU AMEX:XLV AMEX:XLY NYSE:XOM NYSE:XPEV CBOE:XSP NASDAQ:ZM
How does the indicator work and why is it unique?
This Pine Script indicator is a complex tool designed to provide various option metrics and visualization tools for options market traders. The indicator extracts raw options data from an external data provider (ORATS), processes and refines the delayed data package using pineseed, and sends it to TradingView, visualizing the data using specific formulas (see detailed below) or interpolated values (e.g., delta distances). This method of incorporating options data into a visualization framework is unique and entirely innovative on TradingView.
The indicator aims to offer a comprehensive view of the current state of options for the implemented instruments, including implied volatility (IV), IV rank (IVR), options skew, and expected market movements, which are objectively measured as detailed below.
The options metrics we display may be familiar to options traders from various major brokerage platforms such as TastyTrade, IBKR, TOS, Tradier, TD Ameritrade, Schwab, etc.
🟨 𝗗𝗘𝗧𝗔𝗜𝗟𝗘𝗗 𝗗𝗢𝗖𝗨𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 🟨
🔶 Auto-Updating Option Metrics and Curved Lines
🔹 Interpolated DELTA Curves (16,20,25,30,40)
In our indicator, the curve layer settings allow you to choose the delta value for displaying the delta curve: 16, 20, 25, 30, or even 40. The color of the curve can be customized, and you can also hide the delta curve by selecting the "-" option.
It's important to mention that we display interpolated deltas from the actual option chain of the underlying asset using the Black-Scholes model. This ensures that the 16 delta truly reflects the theoretical, but accurate, 16 delta distance. (For example, deltas shown by brokerages for individual strikes are rounded; a 0.16 delta might actually be 0.1625.)
🔹 Expected Move Curve (Exp.mv)
The expected move is the predicted dollar change in the underlying stock's price by a given option's expiration date, with 68% certainty. It is calculated using the expiration's pricing and implied volatility levels. We chose the TastyTrade method for calculating expected move, as we found it to be the most expressive.
Expected Move Calculation
Expected Move = (ATM straddle price x 0.6) + (1st OTM strangle price x 0.3) + (2nd OTM strangle price x 0.1)
For example , if stock XYZ is trading at 121 and the ATM straddle is 4.40, the 120/122 strangle is 3.46, and the 119/123 strangle is 2.66, the expected move is calculated as follows: 4.40 x 0.60 = 2.64; 3.46 x 0.30 = 1.04; 2.66 x 0.10 = 0.27; Expected move = 2.64 + 1.04 + 0.27 = ±3.9
In this example below, the TastyTrade platform indicates the expected move on the option chain with a brown color, and the exact value is displayed behind the ± symbol for each expiration. By default, we also use brown for this indication, but this can be changed or the curve display can be turned off.
🔹 Standard Deviation Curve (1 STD)
One standard deviation of a stock encompasses approximately 68.2% of outcomes in a distribution of occurrences based on current implied volatility.
We use the expected move formula to calculate the one standard deviation range of a stock. This calculation is based on the days-to-expiration (DTE) of our option contract, the stock price, and the implied volatility of a stock:
Calculation:
Standard Deviation = Closing Price * Implied Volatility * sqrt(Days to Expiration / 365)
According to options literature, there is a 68% probability that the underlying asset will fall within this one standard deviation range at expiration.
If the 1 STD and Exp.mv displays are both enabled, the indicator fills the area between them with a light gray color. This is because both represent probability distributions that appear as a "bell curve" when graphed, making it visually appealing.
Tip and Note:
The 1 STD line might appear jagged at times , which does not indicate a problem with the indicator. This is normal immediately after market open (e.g., during the first data refresh of the day) or if the expirations are illiquid (e.g., weekly expirations). The 1 STD value is calculated based on the aggregated IVx for the expirations, and the aggregated IVx value for weekly expirations updates less frequently due to lower trading volume. In such cases, we recommend enabling the "Only Monthly Expirations" option to smooth out the bell curve.
∑ Quant Observation:
The values of the expected move and the 1st standard deviation (1STD) will not match because they use different calculation methods, even though both are referred to as representing 68% of the underlying asset's movement in options literature. The expected move is based on direct market pricing of ATM options. The 1STD, on the other hand, uses the averaged implied volatility (IVX) for the given expiration to determine its value. Based on our experience, it is better to consider the area between the expected move and the 1STD as the true representation of the original 68% rule.
🔶 IVR Dashboard Panel Rows
🔹 IVR (IV Rank)
The Implied Volatility Rank (IVR) indicator helps options traders assess the current level of implied volatility (IV) in comparison to the past 52 weeks. IVR is a useful metric to determine whether options are relatively cheap or expensive. This can guide traders on whether to buy or sell options. We calculate IVrank, like TastyTrade does.
IVR Calculation:
IV Rank = (current IV - 52 week IV low) / (52 week IV high - 52 week IV low)
IVR Levels and Interpretations:
IVR 0-10 (Green): Very low implied volatility rank. Options might be "cheap," potentially a good time to buy options.
IVR 10-35 (White): Normal implied volatility rank. Options pricing is relatively standard.
IVR 35-50 (Orange): Almost high implied volatility rank.
IVR 50-75 (Red): Definitely high implied volatility rank. Options might be "expensive," potentially a good time to sell options for higher premiums.
IVR above 75 (Highlighted Red): Ultra high implied volatility rank. Indicates very high levels, suggesting a favorable time for selling options.
The panel refreshes automatically if the symbol is implemented. You can hide the panel or change the position and size.
🔹IVx (Implied Volatility Index)
The Implied Volatility Index (IVx) displayed in the option chain is calculated similarly to the VIX. The Cboe uses standard and weekly SPX options to measure the expected volatility of the S&P 500. A similar method is utilized to calculate IVx for each option expiration cycle.
For our purposes on the IVR Panel, we aggregate the IVx values specifically for the 35-70 day monthly expiration cycle . This aggregated value is then presented in the screener and info panel, providing a clear and concise measure of implied volatility over this period.
IVx Color coding:
IVx above 30 is displayed in orange.
IVx above 60 is displayed in red
IVx on curve:
The IVx values for each expiration can be viewed by hovering the mouse over the colored tooltip labels above the Curve.
IVx avg on IVR panel :
If the option is checked in the IVR panel settings, the IVR panel will display the average IVx values up to the optimal expiration.
Important Note:
The IVx value alone does not provide sufficient context. There are stocks that inherently exhibit high IVx values. Therefore, it is crucial to consider IVx in conjunction with the Implied Volatility Rank (IVR), which measures the IVx relative to its own historical values. This combined view helps in accurately assessing the significance of the IVx in relation to the specific stock's typical volatility behavior.
This indicator offers traders a comprehensive view of implied volatility, assisting them in making informed decisions by highlighting both the absolute and relative volatility measures.
🔹IVx 5 days change %
We are displaying the five-day change of the IV Index (IVx value). The IV Index 5-Day Change column provides quick insight into recent expansions or decreases in implied volatility over the last five trading days.
Traders who expect the value of options to decrease might view a decrease in IVX as a positive signal. Strategies such as Strangle and Ratio Spread can benefit from this decrease.
On the other hand, traders anticipating further increases in IVX will focus on the rising IVX values. Strategies like Calendar Spread or Diagonal Spread can take advantage of increasing implied volatility.
This indicator helps traders quickly assess changes in implied volatility, enabling them to make informed decisions based on their trading strategies and market expectations.
🔹 Vertical Pricing Skew
At TanukiTrade, Vertical Pricing Skew refers to the difference in pricing between put and call options with the same expiration date at the same distance (at expected move). We analyze this skew to understand market sentiment. This is the same formula used by TastyTrade for calculations.
We calculate the interpolated strike price based on the expected move , taking into account the neighboring option prices and their distances. This allows us to accurately determine whether the CALL or PUT options are more expensive.
PUT Skew (red): Put options are more expensive than call options, indicating the market expects a downward move (▽). If put options are more expensive by more than 20% at the same expected move distance, we color it lighter red.
CALL Skew (green): Call options are more expensive than put options, indicating the market expects an upward move (△). If call options are priced more than 30% higher at the examined expiration, we color it lighter green.
Vertical Skew on Curve:
The degree of vertical pricing skew for each expiration can be viewed by hovering over the points above the curve. Hover with mouse for more information.
Vertical Skew on IVR panel:
We focus on options with 35-70 days to expiration (DTE) for optimal analysis in case of vertical skew. Hover with mouse for more information.
This approach helps us gauge market expectations accurately, providing insights into potential price movements. Remember, we always evaluate the skew at the expected move using linear interpolation to determine the theoretical pricing of options.
🔹 Delta Skew 🌪️ (Twist)
We have a new metric that examines which monthly expiration indicates a "Delta Skew Twist" where the 16 delta deviates from the monthly STD. This is important because, under normal circumstances, the 16 delta is positioned between the expected move and the standard deviation (STD1) line (see Exp.mv & 1STD exact definitions above). However, if the interpolated 16 delta line exceeds the STD1 line either upwards or downwards, it represents a special case of vertical skew on the option chain.
Normal case : exp.move < delta16 < std1
Delta Skew Twist: exp.move < std1 < delta16
We indicate this with direction-specific colors (red/green) on the delta line. We also color the section of the delta curve affected by the delta skew in this case, even if you choose to display a lower delta, such as 30, instead of 16.
If "Colored Labels with Tooltips" is enabled, we also display a 🌪️ symbol in the tooltip for the expirations affected by Delta Skew.
If you have enabled the display of 'Vertical Pricing Skew' on the IVR Panel, a 🌪️ symbol will also appear next to the value of the vertical skew, and the tooltip will indicate from which expiration Delta Skew is observed.
🔹 Horizontal IVx Skew
In options pricing, it is typically expected that the implied volatility (IVx) increases for options with later expiration dates. This means that options further out in time are generally more expensive. At TanukiTrade, we refer to the phenomenon where this expectation is reversed—when the IVx decreases between two consecutive expirations—as Horizontal Skew or IVx Skew.
Horizontal IVx Skew occurs when: Front Expiry IVx < Back Expiry IVx
This scenario can create opportunities for traders who prefer diagonal or calendar strategies . Based on our experience, we categorize Horizontal Skew into two types:
Weekly Horizontal Skew:
When IVx skew is observed between two consecutive non-monthly expirations, the displayed value is the rounded-up percentage difference. On hover, the approximate location of this skew is also displayed. The precise location can be seen on this indicator.
Monthly Horizontal Skew:
When IVx skew is observed between two consecutive monthly expirations , the displayed value is the rounded-up percentage difference. On hover, the approximate location of this skew is also displayed. The precise location can be seen on our Overlay indicator.
The Monthly Vertical IVx skew is consistently more liquid than the weekly vertical IVx skew. Weekly Horizontal IVx Skew may not carry relevant information for symbols not included in the 'Weeklies & Volume Masters' preset in our Options Screener indicator.
If the options chain follows the normal IVx pattern, no skew value is displayed.
Color codes or tooltip labels above curve:
Gray - No horizontal skew;
Purple - Weekly horizontal skew;
BigBlue - Monthly horizontal skew
The display of monthly and weekly IVx skew can be toggled on or off on the IVR panel. However, if you want to disable the colored tooltips above the curve, this can only be done using the "Colored labels with tooltips" switch.
We indicate this range with colorful information bubbles above the upper STD line.
🔶 The Option Trader’s GRID System: Adaptive MurreyMath + Expiry Lines
At TanukiTrade, we utilize Enhanced MurreyMath and Expiry lines to create a dynamic grid system, unlike the basic built-in vertical grids in TradingView, which provide no insight into specific price levels or option expirations.
These grids are beneficial because they provide a structured layout, making important price levels visible on the chart. The grid automatically resizes as the underlying asset's volatility changes, helping traders identify expected movements for various option expirations.
The Option Trader’s GRID System part of this indicator can be used without limitations for all instruments . There are no type or other restrictions, and it automatically scales to fit every asset. Even if we haven't implemented the option metrics for a particular underlying asset, the GRID system will still function!
🔹 SETUP OF YOUR OPTIONS GRID SYSTEM
You can setup your new grid system in 3 easy steps!
STEP1: Hide default horizontal grid lines in TradingView
Right-click on an empty area of your chart, then select “Settings.” In the Chart settings -> Canvas -> Grid lines section, disable the display of horizontal lines to avoid distraction.
SETUP STEP2: Scaling fix
Right-click on the price scale on the right side, then select "Scale price chart only" to prevent the chart from scaling to the new horizontal lines!
STEP3: Enable Tanuki Options Grid
As a final step, make sure that both the vertical (MurreyMath) and horizontal (Expiry) lines are enabled in the Grid section of our indicator.
You are done, enjoy the new grid system!
🔹 HORIZONTAL: Enhanced MurreyMath Lines
Murrey Math lines are based on the principles observed by William Gann, renowned for his market symmetry forecasts. Gann's techniques, such as Gann Angles, have been adapted by Murrey to make them more accessible to ordinary investors. According to Murrey, markets often correct at specific price levels, and breakouts or returns to these levels can signal good entry points for trades.
At TanukiTrade, we enhance these price levels based on our experience , ensuring a clear display. We acknowledge that while MurreyMath lines aren't infallible predictions, they are useful for identifying likely price movements over a given period (e.g., one month) if the market trend aligns.
Our opinion: MurreyMath lines are not crystal balls (like no other tool). They should be used to identify that if we are trading in the right direction, the price is likely to reach the next unit step within a unit time (e.g. monthly expiration).
One unit step is the distance between Murrey Math lines, such as between the 0/8 and 1/8 lines. This interval helps identify different quadrants and is crucial for recognizing support and resistance levels.
Some option traders use Murrey Math lines to gauge the movement speed of an instrument over a unit time. A quadrant encompasses 4 unit steps.
Key levels, according to TanukiTrade, include:
Of course, the lines can be toggled on or off, and their default color can also be changed.
🔹 VERTICAL: Expiry Lines
The indicator can display monthly and weekly expirations as dashed lines, with customizable colors. Weekly expirations will always appear in a lighter shade compared to monthly expirations.
Monthly Expiry Lines:
You can turn off the lines indicating monthly expirations, or set the direction (past/future/both) and the number of lines to be drawn.
Weekly Expiry Lines:
You can display weekly expirations pointing to the future. You can also turn them off or specify how many weeks ahead the lines should be drawn.
Of course, the lines can be toggled on or off, and their default color can also be changed.
TIP: Hide default vertical grid lines in TradingView
Right-click on an empty area of your chart, then select “Settings.” In the Chart settings -> Canvas -> Grid lines section, disable the display of vertical lines to avoid distraction. Same, like steps above at MurreyMath lines.
🔶 ADDITIONAL IMPORTANT COMMENTS
- U.S. market only:
Since we only deal with liquid option chains: this option indicator only works for the USA options market and do not include future contracts; we have implemented each selected symbol individually.
- Why is there a slight difference between the displayed data and my live brokerage data? There are two reasons for this, and one is beyond our control.
- Brokerage Calculation Differences:
Every brokerage has slight differences in how they calculate metrics like IV and IVx. If you open three windows for TOS, TastyTrade, and IBKR side by side, you will notice that the values are minimally different. We had to choose a standard, so we use the formulas and mathematical models described by TastyTrade when analyzing the options chain and drawing conclusions.
- Option-data update frequency:
According to TradingView's regulations and guidelines, we can update external data a maximum of 5 times per day. We strive to use these updates in the most optimal way:
(1st update) 15 minutes after U.S. market open
(2nd, 3rd, 4th updates) 1.5–3 hours during U.S. market open hours
(5th update) 10 minutes before market close.
You don’t need to refresh your window, our last refreshed data-pack is always automatically applied to your indicator , and you can see the time elapsed since the last update at the bottom of your indicator.
- Skewed Curves:
The delta, expected move, and standard deviation curves also appear relevantly on a daily or intraday timeframe. Data loss is experienced above a daily timeframe: this is a TradingView limitation.
- Weekly illiquid expiries:
Especially for instruments where weekly options are illiquid: the weekly expiration STD1 data is not relevant. In these cases, we recommend checking in the "Display only Monthly labels" checkbox to avoid displaying not relevant weekly options expirations.
-Timeframe Issues:
Our option indicator visualizes relevant data on a daily resolution. If you see strange or incorrect data (e.g., when the options data was last updated), always switch to a daily (1D) timeframe. If you still see strange data, please contact us.
Disclaimer:
Our option indicator uses approximately 15min-3 hour delayed option market snapshot data to calculate the main option metrics. Exact realtime option contract prices are never displayed; only derived metrics and interpolated delta are shown to ensure accurate and consistent visualization. Due to the above, this indicator can only be used for decision support; exclusive decisions cannot be made based on this indicator . We reserve the right to make errors.This indicator is designed for options traders who understand what they are doing. It assumes that they are familiar with options and can make well-informed, independent decisions. We work with public data and are not a data provider; therefore, we do not bear any financial or other liability.
Options Screener [Pro] - IVRank, IVx, Deltas, Exp.move, Skew
𝗢𝗽𝘁𝗶𝗼𝗻 𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗲𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗿 𝗼𝗻 𝗧𝗿𝗮𝗱𝗶𝗻𝗴𝗩𝗶𝗲𝘄 𝘄𝗶𝘁𝗵 𝗿𝗲𝗮𝗹 𝗱𝗮𝘁𝗮, 𝗮𝘃𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗮𝗯𝗹𝗲 𝗳𝗼𝗿 𝗼𝘃𝗲𝗿 𝟭𝟱𝟬+ 𝗹𝗶𝗾𝘂𝗶𝗱 𝗨𝗦 𝗺𝗮𝗿𝗸𝗲𝘁 𝘀𝘆𝗺𝗯𝗼𝗹𝘀!
𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗲𝗲𝗻𝗲𝗿 𝗽𝗿𝗼𝘃𝗶𝗱𝗲𝘀 𝗲𝘀𝘀𝗲𝗻𝘁𝗶𝗮𝗹 𝗸𝗲𝘆 𝗺𝗲𝘁𝗿𝗶𝗰𝘀 𝘀𝘂𝗰𝗵 𝗮𝘀:
✅ IVRank
✅ IVx
✅ 5-Day IVx Change
✅ Vertical Pricing Skew
✅ Horizontal IVx Skew
✅ Delta Skew
like TastyTrade, TOS, IBKR etc.
Designed to help you assess option market conditions and make well-informed trading decisions, this tool is an essential addition for every serious options trader!
Ticker Information:
This screener is currently implemented for more than 150 liquid US market tickers and we are continuously expanding the list:
SP:SPX AMEX:SPY NASDAQ:QQQ NASDAQ:TLT AMEX:GLD
NYSE:AA NASDAQ:AAL NASDAQ:AAPL NYSE:ABBV NASDAQ:ABNB NASDAQ:AMD NASDAQ:AMZN AMEX:ARKK NASDAQ:AVGO NYSE:AXP NYSE:BA NYSE:BABA NYSE:BAC NASDAQ:BIDU AMEX:BITO NYSE:BMY NYSE:BP NASDAQ:BYND NYSE:C NYSE:CAT NYSE:CCJ NYSE:CCL NASDAQ:COIN NYSE:COP NASDAQ:COST NYSE:CRM NASDAQ:CRWD NASDAQ:CSCO NYSE:CVNA NYSE:CVS NYSE:CVX NYSE:DAL NASDAQ:DBX AMEX:DIA NYSE:DIS NASDAQ:DKNG NASDAQ:EBAY NASDAQ:ETSY NASDAQ:EXPE NYSE:F NYSE:FCX NYSE:FDX AMEX:FXI AMEX:GDX AMEX:GDXJ NYSE:GE NYSE:GM NYSE:GME NYSE:GOLD NASDAQ:GOOG NASDAQ:GOOGL NYSE:GPS NYSE:GS NASDAQ:HOOD NYSE:IBM NASDAQ:IEF NASDAQ:INTC AMEX:IWM NASDAQ:JD NYSE:JNJ NYSE:JPM NYSE:JWN NYSE:KO NYSE:LLY NYSE:LOW NYSE:LVS NYSE:MA NASDAQ:MARA NYSE:MCD NYSE:MET NASDAQ:META NYSE:MGM NYSE:MMM NYSE:MPC NYSE:MRK NASDAQ:MRNA NYSE:MRO NASDAQ:MRVL NYSE:MS NASDAQ:MSFT AMEX:MSOS NYSE:NCLH NASDAQ:NDX NYSE:NET NASDAQ:NFLX NYSE:NIO NYSE:NKE NASDAQ:NVDA NASDAQ:ON NYSE:ORCL NYSE:OXY NASDAQ:PEP NYSE:PFE NYSE:PINS NYSE:PLTR NASDAQ:PTON NASDAQ:PYPL NASDAQ:QCOM NYSE:RBLX NYSE:RCL NASDAQ:RIOT NASDAQ:RIVN NASDAQ:ROKU NASDAQ:SBUX NYSE:SHOP AMEX:SLV NASDAQ:SMCI NASDAQ:SMH NYSE:SNAP NYSE:SQ NYSE:T NYSE:TGT NASDAQ:TQQQ NASDAQ:TSLA NYSE:TSM NASDAQ:TTD NASDAQ:TXN NYSE:U NASDAQ:UAL NYSE:UBER AMEX:UNG NYSE:UPS NASDAQ:UPST AMEX:USO NYSE:V AMEX:VXX NYSE:VZ NASDAQ:WBA NYSE:WFC NYSE:WMT NASDAQ:WYNN NYSE:X AMEX:XHB AMEX:XLE AMEX:XLF AMEX:XLI AMEX:XLK AMEX:XLP AMEX:XLU AMEX:XLV AMEX:XLY NYSE:XOM NYSE:XPEV CBOE:XSP NASDAQ:ZM
How does the screener work and why is it unique?
This Pine Script screener is an expert tool created to provide various option metrics and visualization tools for options market traders. The screener extracts raw options data from an external data provider (ORATS), processes, and refines the delayed data package using pineseed, and sends it to TradingView. The data is calculated using specific formulas or interpolated values, such as delta distances. This method of integrating options data into a screener framework is unique and innovative on TradingView.
The screener aims to offer a comprehensive view of the current state of options for the implemented instruments, including implied volatility index (IVx), IV rank (IVR), options skew, and expected market movements, which are objectively measured as detailed below.
The options metrics displayed may be familiar to options traders from various major brokerage platforms such as TastyTrade, IBKR, TOS, Tradier, TD Ameritrade, Schwab, etc.
🟨 𝗗𝗘𝗧𝗔𝗜𝗟𝗘𝗗 𝗗𝗢𝗖𝗨𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 🟨
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🔶 Auto-Updating Option Metrics
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🔹 IVR (IV Rank)
The Implied Volatility Rank (IVR) indicator helps options traders assess the current level of implied volatility (IV) in comparison to the past 52 weeks. IVR is a useful metric to determine whether options are relatively cheap or expensive. This can guide traders on whether to buy or sell options. We calculate IVrank, like TastyTrade does.
IVR Calculation: IV Rank = (current IV - 52 week IV low) / (52 week IV high - 52 week IV low)
IVR Levels and Interpretations:
IVR 0-10 (Green): Very low implied volatility rank. Options might be "cheap," potentially a good time to buy options.
IVR 10-35 (White): Normal implied volatility rank. Options pricing is relatively standard.
IVR 35-50 (Orange): Almost high implied volatility rank.
IVR 50-75 (Red): Definitely high implied volatility rank. Options might be "expensive," potentially a good time to sell options for higher premiums.
IVR above 75 (Highlighted Red): Ultra high implied volatility rank. Indicates very high levels, suggesting a favorable time for selling options.
Extra: If the IVx value is also greater than 30, the background will be dark highlighted, because a high IVR alone doesn’t mean much without high IVx.
🔹IVx (Implied Volatility Index)
The Implied Volatility Index (IVx) displayed in the option chain is calculated similarly to the VIX. The Cboe employs standard and weekly SPX options to measure the expected volatility of the S&P 500. A similar method is utilized to calculate IVx for each option expiration cycle.
For our purposes, we aggregate the IVx values specifically for the 35-70 day monthly expiration cycle . This aggregated value is then presented in the screener and info panel, providing a clear and concise measure of implied volatility over this period.
We will display a warning if the option chain is heavily skewed and valid, symmetric 16 delta options are not found at optimal monthly expirations.
IVx Color coding:
IVx above 30 is displayed in orange.
IVx above 60 is displayed in red
Important Note: The IVx value alone does not provide sufficient context. There are stocks that inherently exhibit high IVx values. Therefore, it is crucial to consider IVx in conjunction with the Implied Volatility Rank (IVR), which measures the IVx relative to its own historical values. This combined view helps in accurately assessing the significance of the IVx in relation to the specific stock's typical volatility behavior.
This indicator offers traders a comprehensive view of implied volatility, assisting them in making informed decisions by highlighting both the absolute and relative volatility measures.
🔹IVx 5 days change %
We are displaying the five-day change of the IV Index (IVx value). The IV Index 5-Day Change column provides quick insight into recent expansions or decreases in implied volatility over the last five trading days.
Traders who expect the value of options to decrease might view a decrease in IVX as a positive signal. Strategies such as Strangle and Ratio Spread can benefit from this decrease.
On the other hand, traders anticipating further increases in IVX will focus on the rising IVX values. Strategies like Calendar Spread or Diagonal Spread can take advantage of increasing implied volatility.
This indicator helps traders quickly assess changes in implied volatility, enabling them to make informed decisions based on their trading strategies and market expectations.
🔹 Vertical Pricing Skew
At TanukiTrade, Vertical Pricing Skew refers to the difference in pricing between put and call options with the same expiration date at the same distance (at expected move). We analyze this skew to understand market sentiment. This is the same formula used by TastyTrade for calculations.
PUT Skew (red): Put options are more expensive than call options, indicating the market expects a downward move (▽). If put options are more expensive by more than 20% at the same expected move distance, we color it lighter red.
CALL Skew (green): Call options are more expensive than put options, indicating the market expects an upward move (△). If call options are priced more than 30% higher at the examined expiration, we color it lighter green.
We focus on options with 35-70 days to expiration (DTE) for optimal analysis. We always evaluate the skew at the expected move using linear interpolation to determine the theoretical pricing of options. If the pricing have more than C50%/P35% we are highlighting the cell.
This approach helps us gauge market expectations accurately, providing insights into potential price movements.
🔹 Horizontal IVx Skew
In options pricing, it is typically expected that the implied volatility (IVx) increases for options with later expiration dates. This means that options further out in time are generally more expensive. At TanukiTrade, we refer to the phenomenon where this expectation is reversed—when the IVx decreases between two consecutive expirations—as Horizontal Skew or IVx Skew.
Horizontal IVx Skew occurs when: Front Month IVx < Back Month IVx
This scenario can create opportunities for traders who prefer diagonal or calendar strategies. Based on our experience, we categorize Horizontal Skew into two types:
Weekly Horizontal Skew: When IVx skew is observed between two consecutive non-monthly expirations , the displayed value is the rounded-up percentage difference. On hover, the approximate location of this skew is also displayed. The precise location can be seen on the Overlay indicator.
Monthly Horizontal Skew: When IVx skew is observed between two consecutive monthly expirations , the displayed value is the rounded-up percentage difference. On hover, the approximate location of this skew is also displayed. The precise location can be seen on the Overlay indicator.
The Monthly Vertical IVx skew is consistently stronger (more liquid) on average symbols than the weekly vertical IVx skew. Weekly Horizontal IVx Skew may not carry relevant information for symbols not included in the 'Weeklies & Volume Masters' preset.
If the options chain follows the normal IVx pattern, no skew value is displayed.
Additionally , if the Implied Volatility Rank (IVR) is low (indicated by green), the Horizontal Skew background turns black, because this environment is good for Calendar+Diagonal.
Additionally , if the % of the skew is greater than 10, the Horizontal Skew font color turns lighter.
🔹 Delta Skew 🌪️ (Twist)
We have a metric that examines which monthly expiration indicates a "Delta Skew Twist" where the 16 delta deviates from the monthly STD. This is important because, under normal circumstances, the 16 delta is positioned between the expected move and the standard deviation (STD1) line. However, if the interpolated 16 delta line exceeds the STD1 line either upwards or downwards, it represents a special case of vertical skew.
Normal case : exp.move < delta16 < std1
Delta Skew Twist: exp.move < std1 < delta16
If the Days to Expiration of the twist is less than 75, we use a lighter color.
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🔶 HOW WE CALCULATE
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🔹 Expected Move
The expected move is the predicted dollar change in the underlying stock's price by a given option's expiration date, with 68% certainty. It is calculated using the expiration's pricing and implied volatility levels.
Expected Move Calculation
Expected Move = (ATM straddle price x 0.6) + (1st OTM strangle price x 0.3) + (2nd OTM strangle price x 0.1)
For example , if stock XYZ is trading at 121 and the ATM straddle is 4.40, the 120/122 strangle is 3.46, and the 119/123 strangle is 2.66, the expected move is calculated as follows: 4.40 x 0.60 = 2.64; 3.46 x 0.30 = 1.04; 2.66 x 0.10 = 0.27; Expected move = 2.64 + 1.04 + 0.27 = ±3.9
🔹 Standard deviation
One standard deviation of a stock encompasses approximately 68.2% of outcomes in a distribution of occurrences based on current implied volatility.
We use the expected move formula to calculate the one standard deviation range of a stock. This calculation is based on the days-to-expiration (DTE) of our option contract, the stock price, and the implied volatility of a stock:
Calculation:
Standard Deviation = Closing Price * Implied Volatility * sqrt(Days to Expiration / 365)
According to options literature, there is a 68% probability that the underlying asset will fall within this one standard deviation range at expiration.
∑ Quant Observation: The values of the expected move and the 1st standard deviation (1STD) will not match because they use different calculation methods, even though both are referred to as representing 68% of the underlying asset's movement in options literature. The expected move is based on direct market pricing of ATM options. The 1STD, on the other hand, uses the averaged implied volatility (IVX) for the given expiration to determine its value. Based on our experience, it is better to consider the area between the expected move and the 1STD as the true representation of the original 68% rule.
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🔶 USAGE
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🔹 Create a new empty layout for the screener!
You can access this from the dropdown menu in the upper right corner. In the popup window, name it as you like, for example, "Option Screener."
🔹 Hide the candlestick chart
Make the chart invisible using the "Hide" option from the three-dot dropdown menu located in the upper left corner.
🔹 Other Unwanted Elements
If other unnecessary elements are distracting you (e.g., economic data, volume, default grid), you can easily remove them from the layout. Right-click on the empty chart area. Here, click on the gear (Settings) icon and remove everything from the "Events" tab, as well as from the "Trading" tab. Under the "Canvas" tab, it is recommended to set the "Grid lines" setting to "None."
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🔶 Screener Settings
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Naturally, the font size and position can be easily adjusted.
Additionally, there are two basic usage modes: manual input or using the preset list.
🔹If you selected “Manual Below” in the preset dropdown, the tickers you chose from the dropdown (up to a maximum of 40) will be displayed. The panel name will be the one you specified.
🔹If you selected a pre-assembled list , the manually entered list will be ignored, and the preset list will be displayed. (In the future, we will expand the preset list based on your feedback!).
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🔶 Best Practices for TanukiTrade Option Screener:
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🔹 Every Preset on a New Layout:
If you following the steps above, you easy can setup this screener in one window with one split layout:
🔹 Split Layout:
- Left Side: The underlying asset with our Options IV Overlay (IVR, Deltas, Expected Move, STD1, Skew visualized) along with the Enhanced Murrey Math Indicator and Option Expiry.
- Right Side: Searching for opportunities using our Options Screener.
Opportunities Search
🔹 Everything in One Layout + One Window:
This is the all-in-one view:
- The underlying asset with our Options IV Overlay (IVR, Deltas, Expected Move, STD1, Skew visualized)
- Enhanced Murrey Math Indicator and Option Expiry
- Options Screener on the left
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🔶 ADDITIONAL IMPORTANT COMMENTS
- U.S. market only:
Since we only deal with liquid option chains: this option indicator only works for the USA options market and do not include future contracts; we have implemented each selected symbol individually.
- Why is there a slight difference between the displayed data and my live brokerage data? There are two reasons for this, and one is beyond our control.
- Brokerage Calculation Differences:
Every brokerage has slight differences in how they calculate metrics like IV and IVx. If you open three windows for TOS, TastyTrade, and IBKR side by side, you will notice that the values are minimally different. We had to choose a standard, so we use the formulas and mathematical models described by TastyTrade when analyzing the options chain and drawing conclusions.
- Option-data update frequency:
According to TradingView's regulations and guidelines, we can update external data a maximum of 5 times per day. We strive to use these updates in the most optimal way:
(1st update) 15 minutes after U.S. market open
(2nd, 3rd, 4th updates) 1.5–3 hours during U.S. market open hours
(5th update) 10 minutes before market close.
You don’t need to refresh your window, our last refreshed data-pack is always automatically applied to your indicator , and you can see the time elapsed since the last update at the bottom of your indicator.
- Weekly illiquid expiries:
The Weekly Horizontal IVx Skew may not carry relevant information for instruments not included in the 'Weeklies & Volume Masters' preset package.
-Timeframe Issues:
Our option indicator visualizes relevant data on a daily resolution. If you see strange or incorrect data (e.g., when the options data was last updated), always switch to a daily (1D) timeframe. If you still see strange data, please contact us.
Disclaimer:
Our option indicator uses approximately 15min-3 hour delayed option market snapshot data to calculate the main option metrics. Exact realtime option contract prices are never displayed; only derived metrics and interpolated delta are shown to ensure accurate and consistent visualization. Due to the above, this indicator can only be used for decision support; exclusive decisions cannot be made based on this indicator . We reserve the right to make errors.This indicator is designed for options traders who understand what they are doing. It assumes that they are familiar with options and can make well-informed, independent decisions. We work with public data and are not a data provider; therefore, we do not bear any financial or other liability.
Sharpe and Sortino Ratios█ OVERVIEW
This indicator calculates the Sharpe and Sortino ratios using a chart symbol's periodic price returns, offering insights into the symbol's risk-adjusted performance. It features the option to calculate these ratios by comparing the periodic returns to a fixed annual rate of return or the returns from another selected symbol's context.
█ CONCEPTS
Returns, risk, and volatility
The return on an investment is the relative gain or loss over a period, often expressed as a percentage. Investment returns can originate from several sources, including capital gains, dividends, and interest income. Many investors seek the highest returns possible in the quest for profit. However, prudent investing and trading entails evaluating such returns against the associated risks (i.e., the uncertainty of returns and the potential for financial losses) for a clearer perspective on overall performance and sustainability.
The profitability of an investment typically comes at the cost of enduring market swings, noise, and general uncertainty. To navigate these turbulent waters, investors and portfolio managers often utilize volatility , a measure of the statistical dispersion of historical returns, as a foundational element in their risk assessments because it provides a tangible way to gauge the uncertainty in returns. High volatility suggests increased uncertainty and, consequently, higher risk, whereas low volatility suggests more stable returns with minimal fluctuations, implying lower risk. These concepts are integral components in several risk-adjusted performance metrics, including the Sharpe and Sortino ratios calculated by this indicator.
Risk-free rate
The risk-free rate represents the rate of return on a hypothetical investment carrying no risk of financial loss. This theoretical rate provides a benchmark for comparing the returns on a risky investment and evaluating whether its excess returns justify the risks. If an investment's returns are at or below the theoretical risk-free rate or the risk premium is below a desired amount, it may suggest that the returns do not compensate for the extra risk, which might be a call to reassess the investment.
Since the risk-free rate is a theoretical concept, investors often utilize proxies for the rate in practice, such as Treasury bills and other government bonds. Conventionally, analysts consider such instruments "risk-free" for a domestic holder, as they are a form of government obligation with a low perceived likelihood of default.
The average yield on short-term Treasury bills, influenced by economic conditions, monetary policies, and inflation expectations, has historically hovered around 2-3% over the long term. This range also aligns with central banks' inflation targets. As such, one may interpret a value within this range as a minimum proxy for the risk-free rate, as it may correspond to the minimum rate required to maintain purchasing power over time. This indicator uses a default value of 2% as the risk-free rate in its Sharpe and Sortino ratio calculations. Users can adjust this value from the "Risk-free rate of return" input in the "Settings/Inputs" tab.
Sharpe and Sortino ratios
The Sharpe and Sortino ratios are two of the most widely used metrics that offer insight into an investment's risk-adjusted performance . They provide a standardized framework to compare the effectiveness of investments relative to their perceived risks. These metrics can help investors determine whether the returns justify the risks taken to achieve them, promoting more informed investment decisions.
Both metrics measure risk-adjusted performance similarly. However, they have some differences in their formulas and their interpretation:
1. Sharpe ratio
The Sharpe ratio , developed by Nobel laureate William F. Sharpe, measures the performance of an investment compared to a theoretically risk-free asset, adjusted for the investment risk. The ratio uses the following formula:
Sharpe Ratio = (𝑅𝑎 − 𝑅𝑓) / 𝜎𝑎
Where:
• 𝑅𝑎 = Average return of the investment
• 𝑅𝑓 = Theoretical risk-free rate of return
• 𝜎𝑎 = Standard deviation of the investment's returns (volatility)
A higher Sharpe ratio indicates a more favorable risk-adjusted return, as it signifies that the investment produced higher excess returns per unit of increase in total perceived risk.
2. Sortino ratio
The Sortino ratio is a modified form of the Sharpe ratio that only considers downside volatility , i.e., the volatility of returns below the theoretical risk-free benchmark. Although it shares close similarities with the Sharpe ratio, it can produce very different values, especially when the returns do not have a symmetrical distribution, since it does not penalize upside and downside volatility equally. The ratio uses the following formula:
Sortino Ratio = (𝑅𝑎 − 𝑅𝑓) / 𝜎𝑑
Where:
• 𝑅𝑎 = Average return of the investment
• 𝑅𝑓 = Theoretical risk-free rate of return
• 𝜎𝑑 = Downside deviation (standard deviation of negative excess returns, or downside volatility)
The Sortino ratio offers an alternative perspective on an investment's return-generating efficiency since it does not consider upside volatility in its calculation. A higher Sortino ratio signifies that the investment produced higher excess returns per unit of increase in perceived downside risk.
The risk-free rate (𝑅𝑓) in the numerator of both ratio formulas acts as a baseline for comparing an investment's performance to a theoretical risk-free alternative. By subtracting the risk-free rate from the expected return (𝑅𝑎−𝑅𝑓), the numerator essentially represents the risk premium of the investment.
Comparison with another symbol
In addition to the conventional Sharpe and Sortino ratios, which compare an instrument's returns to a risk-free rate, this indicator can also compare returns to a user-specified benchmark symbol , allowing the calculation of Information ratios .
An Information ratio is a generalized form of the Sharpe ratio that compares an investment's returns to a risky benchmark , such as SPY, rather than a risk-free rate. It measures the investment's active return (the difference between its returns and the benchmark returns) relative to its tracking error (i.e., the volatility of the active return) using the following formula:
𝐼𝑅 = (𝑅𝑝 − 𝑅𝑏) / 𝑇𝐸
Where:
• 𝑅𝑝 = Average return on the portfolio or investment
• 𝑅𝑏 = Average return from the benchmark instrument
• 𝑇𝐸 = Tracking error (volatility of 𝑅𝑝 − 𝑅𝑏)
Comparing returns to a benchmark instrument rather than a theoretical risk-free rate offers unique insights into risk-adjusted performance. Higher Information ratios signify that the investment produced higher active returns per unit of increase in risk relative to the benchmark. Conventional choices for non-risk-free benchmarks include major composite indices like the S&P 500 and DJIA, as the resulting ratios can provide insight into the effectiveness of an investment relative to the broader market.
Users can enable this generalized calculation for both the Sharpe and Sortino ratios by selecting the "Benchmark symbol returns" option from the "Benchmark type" dropdown in the "Settings/Inputs" tab.
It's crucial to note that this indicator compares the charts symbol's rate of change (return) to the rate of change in the benchmark symbol. Consequently, not all symbols available on TradingView are suitable for use with these ratios due to the nature of what their values represent. For instance, using a bond as a benchmark will produce distorted results since each bar's values represent yields rather than prices, meaning it compares the rate of change in the yield. To maintain consistency and relevance in the calculated ratios, ensure the values from the compared symbols strictly represent price information.
█ FEATURES
This indicator provides traders with two widely used metrics for assessing risk-adjusted performance, generalized to allow users to compare the chart symbol's price returns to a fixed risk-free rate or the returns from another risky symbol. Below are the key features of this indicator:
Timeframe selection
The "Returns timeframe" input determines the timeframe of the calculated price returns. Users can select any value greater than or equal to the chart's timeframe. The default timeframe is "1M".
Periodic returns tracking
This indicator compounds and collects requested price returns from the selected timeframe over monthly or daily periods, similar to how the Broker Emulator works when calculating strategy performance metrics on trade data. It employs the following logic:
• Track returns over monthly periods if the chart's data spans at least two months.
• Track returns over daily periods if the chart's data spans at least two days but not two months.
• Do not track or collect returns if the data spans less than two days, as the amount of data is insufficient for meaningful ratio calculations.
The indicator uses the returns collected from up to a specified number of periods to calculate the Sharpe and Sortino ratios, depending on the available historical data. It also uses these periodic returns to calculate the average returns it displays in the Data Window.
Users can control the maximum number of periods the indicator analyzes with the "Max no. of periods used" input in the "Settings/Inputs" tab. The default value is 60 periods.
Benchmark specification
The "Benchmark return type" input specifies the benchmark type the indicator compares to the chart symbol's returns in the ratio calculations. It features the following two options:
• "Risk-free rate of return (%)": Compares the price returns to a user-specified annual rate of return representing a theoretical risk-free rate (e.g., 2%).
• "Benchmark symbol return": Compares the price returns to a selected benchmark symbol (e.g., "AMEX:SPY) to calculate Information ratios.
When comparing a chart symbol's returns to a specified benchmark symbol, this indicator aligns the times of data points from the benchmark with the times of data points from the chart's symbol to facilitate a fair comparison between symbols with different active sessions.
Visualization and display
• The indicator displays the periodic returns requested from the specified "Returns timeframe" in a separate pane. The plot includes dynamic colors to signify positive and negative returns.
• When the "Returns timeframe" value represents a higher timeframe, the indicator displays background highlights on the main chart pane to signify when a new value is available and whether the return is positive or negative.
• When the specified benchmark return type is a benchmark symbol, the indicator displays the requested symbol's returns in the separate pane as a gray line for visual comparison.
• Within the separate pane, the indicator displays a single-cell table that shows the base period it uses for periodic returns, the number of periods it uses in the calculation, the timeframe of the requested data, and the calculated Sharpe and Sortino ratios.
• The Data Window displays the chart symbol and benchmark returns, their periodic averages, and the Sharpe and Sortino ratios.
█ FOR Pine Script™ CODERS
• This script utilizes the functions from our RiskMetrics library to determine the size of the periods, calculate and collect periodic returns, and compute the Sharpe and Sortino ratios.
• The `getAlignedPrices()` function in this script requests price data for the chart's symbol and a benchmark symbol with consistent time alignment by utilizing spread symbols , which helps facilitate a fair comparison between different symbol types. Retrieving prices from spreads avoids potential information loss and data misalignment that can otherwise occur when using separate requests from each symbol's context when those symbols have different sessions or data times.
• For consistency, the `getAlignedPrices()` function includes extended hours and dividend adjustment modifiers in its data requests. Additionally, it includes other settings inherited from the chart's context, such as "settlement-as-close" preferences for fair comparison between futures instruments.
• This script uses the `changePercent()` function from our ta library to calculate the percentage changes of the requested data.
• The newly released `force_overlay` parameter in display-related functions allows indicators to display visuals on the main chart and a separate pane simultaneously. We use the parameter in this script's bgcolor() call to display background highlights on the main chart.
Look first. Then leap.
