Options Series - P_SAR And Supertrend
The provided PineScript combines two well-known indicators—Parabolic SAR (P_SAR) and Supertrend—to create a comprehensive trading tool. Here are some powerful insights and the importance of this script:
⭐ 1. Supertrend Indicator:
What it does: The Supertrend indicator is based on the Average True Range (ATR) and is used to identify trend direction. When the price is above the Supertrend line, it suggests an uptrend, and when below, a downtrend.
Insights:
Trend Following: By adjusting the ATR length (atrPeriod) and the multiplier (factor), you can fine-tune the sensitivity of the Supertrend. A smaller ATR or factor results in more frequent trend changes, whereas larger values make the indicator more robust but slower to react.
Trend Visualization: The script highlights trends with the help of green and red lines, offering a clear visual cue for traders. The uptrend is filled with a translucent green and the downtrend with red, allowing quick identification of market momentum.
⭐ 2. Parabolic SAR (P_SAR):
What it does: The Parabolic SAR is a time/price-based indicator that helps identify potential reversals in the market. The dots (SAR) follow the price and move closer to it as the trend progresses.
Insights:
Trailing Stops: This is commonly used by traders to trail stop losses, as the SAR moves closer to price as the trend strengthens.
Combining with Supertrend: The SAR dots in this script act as an additional confirmation for trend direction. For instance, when the price is above both the SAR and Supertrend, it strongly suggests an uptrend.
⭐ 3. Bar Coloring Based on Trend Confirmation:
What it does: The script calculates conditions based on whether the price is above or below both the Supertrend and SAR values.
Insights:
Bullish/Bearish Confirmation: The combination of these two indicators provides a stronger confirmation of trend direction compared to using either one alone. For example:
Green Bars: If the price is above both the Supertrend and SAR, it signals a strong uptrend (bullish).
Red Bars: If the price is below both, it suggests a strong downtrend (bearish).
Visual Alerts: The candle colors are adjusted based on these conditions, providing a quick visual alert for traders to take action.
⭐ 4. Importance of Using Both Supertrend and P_SAR:
Multiple Confirmations: Combining the Supertrend and Parabolic SAR increases the accuracy of trend-following strategies. Each indicator has its strengths: Supertrend is good for identifying the overall trend, while the SAR excels at identifying potential reversals.
Risk Management: This script can help you not only identify trends but also manage your positions more effectively. The Parabolic SAR, for example, can serve as a dynamic stop-loss level, while the Supertrend can help you stay in trades longer by smoothing out noise in the market.
⭐ 5. Customizable Inputs:
Adaptability: The user can adjust the ATR period, factor, start, increment, and maximum values, tailoring the script to different market conditions and timeframes. This flexibility is essential, as each asset class or market may require different parameter settings.
⭐ 6. Practical Application in Trading:
Entry and Exit Signals: The script can be used to generate entry and exit signals. For instance:
Buy Signal: When the bar turns green (price is above Supertrend and SAR), it could be a signal to go long.
Sell Signal: When the bar turns red (price is below Supertrend and SAR), it could be a signal to go short or exit a long position.
Stop-Loss Placement: The Parabolic SAR dots can act as trailing stop-loss levels, helping traders lock in profits as trends progress.
Trend Continuation vs. Reversal: The Supertrend provides a broader view of the trend, while the Parabolic SAR provides pinpoint entry/exit signals for reversals.
🚀 Conclusion:
This script is a robust combination of trend-following and reversal indicators, making it a versatile tool for traders. The dual confirmation from Supertrend and Parabolic SAR reduces false signals, and the color-coded bars provide quick insights into market conditions. When used properly, this can greatly improve your ability to catch trends early, exit at the right moment, and manage risk effectively.
在腳本中搜尋"the script"
Multi-Sector Trend AnalysisThis script, titled "Multi-Sector Trend Analysis: Track Sector Momentum and Trends," is designed to assist traders and investors in monitoring multiple sectors of the stock market simultaneously. It leverages technical analysis by incorporating trend detection and momentum indicators like moving averages and the Relative Strength Index (RSI) to offer insights into the price action of various market sectors.
Core Features:
1. Sector-Based Analysis: The script covers 20 major sectors from the NSE (National Stock Exchange) such as Auto, Banking, Energy, FMCG, IT, Pharma, and others. Users can customize which sectors they wish to analyze using the available input fields.
Technical Indicators: The script uses two core technical indicators to detect trends and momentum:
2. Moving Averages: The script calculates both fast and slow exponential moving averages (EMAs). These are critical for identifying short- and long-term price trends and crossovers, helping detect shifts in momentum.
3. Relative Strength Index (RSI): A well-known momentum indicator that shows whether a stock is overbought or oversold. This script uses a 14-period RSI to gauge the strength of each sector.
4. Trend Detection: The script identifies whether the current market trend is "Up" or "Down" based on the relationship between the fast and slow EMAs (i.e., whether the fast EMA is above or below the slow EMA). It highlights this trend visually in a table format, allowing quick and easy trend recognition.
5. Gain/Loss Tracking: This feature calculates the percentage gain or loss since the last EMA crossover (a key point in trend change), giving users a sense of how much the price has moved since the trend shifted.
6. Customizable Table for Display: The script displays the analyzed data in a table format, where users can view each sector's:
Symbol
Trend (Up or Down)
RSI Value
Gain/Loss Since the Last EMA Crossover
This table is customizable in terms of size and color theme (dark or light), providing flexibility in presentation for different charting styles.
How It Works:
Sector Selection: Users can input up to 20 different sector symbols for analysis.
Moving Averages: Users can define the period lengths for both the fast and slow EMAs to suit their trading strategies.
Table Options: Choose between different table sizes and opt for a dark theme to enhance the visual appearance on charts.
How to Use:
Select the symbols (sectors) that you want to track. The script includes pre-configured symbols for major sectors on the NSE, but you can modify these to suit your needs.
Adjust the fast and slow EMA lengths to your preference. A common setting would be 3 for the fast EMA and 4 for the slow EMA, but more conservative traders might opt for higher values.
Customize the table size and theme based on your preference, whether you want a compact table or a larger one for easier readability.
Why Use This Script:
This script is ideal for traders looking to:
Monitor multiple market sectors simultaneously.
Identify key trends across sectors quickly.
Understand momentum and detect potential reversals through RSI and EMA crossovers.
Stay informed on sector performance using a clear visual table that tracks gains or losses.
By using this script, traders can gain better insights into sector-based trading strategies, improve their sector rotation tactics, and stay informed about the broader market environment. It provides a powerful yet easy-to-use tool for both beginner and advanced traders.
[TR] Engulf Patterns by SM
Engulf Pattern by SM
Overview:
The " Engulf Pattern by SM" script is designed to identify bullish and bearish engulfing candlestick patterns on TradingView charts. Engulfing patterns are significant in technical analysis as they often indicate potential reversals in market trends.
Features:
- Bullish Engulfing Pattern Detection: The script identifies bullish engulfing patterns, which occur when a larger bullish candle completely engulfs the body of the previous smaller bearish candle.
- Bearish Engulfing Pattern Detection: Similarly, it detects bearish engulfing patterns, where a larger bearish candle engulfs the body of the preceding smaller bullish candle.
- Body Size Filtering: The script includes a feature to filter patterns based on the size of the candle bodies, allowing for more precise marking of significant patterns.
- Visual Markers: The script plots visual markers on the chart to highlight the detected engulfing patterns, making it easy for traders to spot them.
How It Works:
1. Bullish Engulfing Pattern:
- The script checks for a smaller bearish candle followed by a larger bullish candle.
- The body of the bullish candle must completely cover the body of the bearish candle.
- The size of the bullish candle's body must meet a specified threshold to be considered significant.
2. Bearish Engulfing Pattern:
- The script looks for a smaller bullish candle followed by a larger bearish candle.
- The body of the bearish candle must completely engulf the body of the bullish candle.
- The size of the bearish candle's body must meet a specified threshold to be considered significant.
Usage:
- Add the Script: Apply the " Engulf Pattern by SM" script to your TradingView chart.
- Configure Settings: Customize the script settings to suit your trading strategy, including visual marker styles and body size thresholds.
- Monitor Visual Markers: Keep an eye on the visual markers to identify potential trading opportunities based on engulfing patterns.
Disclaimer:
This script is not intended to be used as a direct entry signal. It should be used as a confluence in your overall trading plan. Always conduct your own analysis and consider multiple factors before making any trading decisions.
Feel free to customize this writeup further to match your specific needs! If you have any other requests or need additional details, just let me know.
Swing High/Low & EMA Cross AlertScript Description:
This script on TradingView combines the detection of Swing High/Low points with exponential moving average (EMA) crossovers to provide buy and sell alerts and to mark swing points on the chart.
What the Script Does:
Swing High/Low Detection:
Uses the ta.pivothigh function to detect significant high points and the ta.pivotlow function to detect significant low points.
For each detected point, the script checks if it is a new higher high (HH) or lower high (LH) for the highs, and a new lower low (LL) or higher low (HL) for the lows.
Creates visual labels to identify these points on the chart, helping traders to visualize potential reversal points.
EMA Crossover:
Calculates two EMAs: a fast EMA (fastEMA) with a default period of 50 and a slow EMA (slowEMA) with a default period of 200.
Detects bullish crossovers (when fastEMA crosses above slowEMA) and bearish crossunders (when fastEMA crosses below slowEMA).
Generates buy and sell alerts based on these crossovers.
How the Script Works:
EMA Calculation: EMAs are calculated using the closing prices and user-defined periods.
Swing High/Low Detection: Uses the high and low values from the previous length bars to determine the swing points.
Alert Generation: Alerts are triggered when crossovers between the EMAs occur.
How to Use the Script:
Add to Chart: Insert the script into TradingView and apply it to the desired chart.
Configure Parameters:
Adjust the detection period for swing points (length).
Configure the periods for the EMAs (fastLen and slowLen).
Customize the colors for the swing point labels as per your preference.
Monitor Alerts: Use the EMA crossover alerts to make buy or sell decisions. Observe the swing point labels to identify potential trend reversals.
Justification for the Combination:
EMAs: Widely used to identify trend direction. Combining a fast EMA with a slow EMA helps capture both short-term and long-term trend changes.
Swing High/Low: Identifies reversal points in price, which are crucial for determining potential entry and exit points in trades.
Combination:
Combining EMAs and Swing High/Low provides a comprehensive view of price behavior, helping traders to effectively identify trends and reversal points.
This script is useful for traders who want to combine trend analysis (via EMAs) with the identification of reversal points (Swing High/Low), providing a more complete view of price behavior on the chart.
ATR5 Gerchik&CoThis script is designed to calculate and display the Average True Range (ATR) based on the last 5 bars on a daily (D1) chart. The ATR is a key indicator used to measure market volatility by decomposing the entire range of an asset price for that period. Additionally, the script provides a visual representation of the percentage of the current day's range relative to the calculated ATR.
How It Works
Calculation of ATR:
The script calculates the ATR by taking the high and low of each of the last 5 daily bars, computing the range for each bar, and then averaging these values.
The ATR value is then dynamically formatted based on the decimal places relevant to the asset's tick size.
Percentage of Current Day's Range:
The script also calculates the percentage of the current day's range compared to the ATR. This helps traders quickly assess how much of the average range has been covered today.
Visual Display:
The ATR value and the percentage of the current day's range are displayed in the top-right corner of the chart for easy reference.
Usage
Identifying Volatility: The ATR is a widely used indicator to identify periods of high and low volatility in the market. Traders can use this to adjust their strategies accordingly, such as widening or tightening stop-loss levels.
Entry and Exit Points: Knowing the ATR can help traders decide on optimal entry and exit points based on expected market movements.
Risk Management: By understanding the market volatility, traders can better manage their risk by adjusting position sizes and stop-loss levels.
Example
The script shows the ATR calculated over the last 5 days, formatted to match the asset's decimal places.
It also displays the current day's range as a percentage of the ATR, providing immediate insight into the day's volatility relative to the recent average.
How to Use
Apply the Script: Add the script to your TradingView chart.
Analyze the Display: Observe the ATR value and the percentage of the current day's range displayed in the top-right corner.
Make Informed Decisions: Use the information to make informed trading decisions based on the volatility and range of the asset.
Code Explanation
The script uses Pine Script v5 and includes functions to calculate the range of bars, average these ranges, and format the output appropriately. The ATR value and percentage are displayed using the table functionality to ensure clear and precise placement on the chart.
This description should provide users with a clear understanding of what the script does, how it can be used, and the concepts behind its calculations. Let me know if you need any further adjustments or additional details!
TSF 20What kind of traders/investors are we?
We are trend followers. We look for assets that are outperforming the market. Our scripts are designed to be used on the higher timeframes (weekly/daily) to catch the large moves/trends in the market.
Our scripts have been designed to help you follow the trend in an asset.
What does this script do?
This script is designed to colour candles on a chart based on their position relative to two sets of Bollinger Bands. Here's a breakdown of how it functions:
Bollinger Bands Setup:
The script uses two sets of Bollinger Bands, both with a length of 20 and based on the closing prices of candles.
The first set of Bollinger Bands uses a standard deviation (StdDev) of 1.
The second set uses a standard deviation of 2.
Neither set of bands is displayed on the chart.
Coloring Candles:
Green Candle: A candle is coloured green if its close is above the upper Bollinger Band with StdDev 1 but below the upper Bollinger Band with StdDev 2. This indicates a moderately bullish sentiment.
Dark Green Candle: A candle is colored dark green when its close is above the upper Bollinger Band with StdDev 2. This implies a stronger bullish sentiment.
Red Candle: A candle is coloured red if its close is below the lower Bollinger Band with StdDev 1 but above the lower Bollinger Band with StdDev 2. This indicates a moderately bearish sentiment.
Dark Red Candle: A candle is colored dark red if its close is below the lower Bollinger Band with StdDev 2, indicating a stronger bearish sentiment.
Grey Candle: A candle is coloured grey if it closes between the upper and lower Bollinger Bands with StdDev 1. This usually signifies a neutral market condition or periods of consolidation.
In summary, this script is an analytical tool that visually represents the market's bullishness or bearishness relative to the Bollinger Bands, without displaying the bands themselves. It's designed to help investors quickly assess market conditions and sentiment based on the colour-coded representation of price action in relation to these volatility bands.
What makes this script unique?
Innovative Color-Coding System: Candles are colored in varying shades of green and red, providing an immediate visual cue about the market's bullish or bearish tendencies. A neutral grey is also used, offering a quick assessment of market indecision or consolidation phases.
Dual Bollinger Band Analysis: Utilizes two sets of Bollinger Bands (StdDev 1 and StdDev 2) to gauge market volatility and sentiment. This dual-band approach enhances the precision of sentiment analysis compared to using a single standard deviation.
Customizable and Non-Obtrusive: Designed to keep your charts clean and readable. The Bollinger Bands themselves are not displayed, reducing visual clutter and allowing for a focus on price action.
Versatile and Adaptable: Suitable for various trading styles and timeframes. Whether you are a short-term or long-term investor, this indicator can be seamlessly integrated into your analysis toolkit.
Valuable Addition to Market Analysis: Enhances traditional candlestick analysis and complements other technical indicators and strategies. It offers an additional layer of understanding market dynamics and can be used to confirm or question other signals.
How It Adds Value:
Enhanced Visual Analysis: By colour-coding candles based on Bollinger Band positioning, it simplifies the interpretation of market sentiment and volatility, making it easier to spot trends and reversals.
Strategic Decision Making: Helps traders make more informed decisions by clearly highlighting bullish and bearish strength, or lack thereof, in the market.
Time Efficiency: Reduces the time spent analyzing charts by providing an immediate visual representation of market conditions.
Originality: Offers a fresh perspective and an innovative approach to using Bollinger Bands, making it a unique addition to the community's toolbox.
IU Support and Resistance How this script works :
1. This script is an indicator script which calculates the support and resistance based on pivot high and pivot low and plot them as zone onto the chart.
2. The first user input is minimum number of touches which indicates how many time pivot high or pivot low should be tested in order to be a valid support or resistance level.
3.The second user input "Set Buffer" check if the user wants to use a custom buffer or not if it's unchanged then the default is 50% of the 1000 period ATR value .
4. If "Set Buffer" is checked meaning if it's set to true then only the third user input will be execute which is the "buffer" which indicates how much price range user wants his zone to have.
5. After the user input part this script create two arrays to store the pivot high and pivot low values every time he have a new value.
6. This script also creates two arrays to store the bar index of the bar where the new pivot high or pivot low is detected those bar index will be later use while creating the support and resistance zones.
7. Then the script creates four more arrays to store the final support and resistance values and their respective bar index which will be use for creating the support and resistance zones.
8. After this the script check that we are at the last bar of our chart if we are then we sort the support and resistance indices by descending order and store them into an new variable after that we sort the support and resistance arrays by descending order, then we loop through the arrays elements and we check if the previous element comes under the zone of the current element if so we increase the "minimum touch" variable by 1, once we have 5 or more count in our variable and we no longer have a valid zone then we store the element value and the sorted index of the element into our final arrays.
9. Finally the script will loop through the final support and resistance arrays and it will create a box for each support and resistance with respect to extending it on both directions.
10.The green zones are the support and the red zones are the resistance.
How user can benifits from this script:
1. User can automatically identify support and resistance zones and he can plan his trade as per that.
2. User can test how different markets reacts with support and resistance zones.
3. User can plan breakout trade on the break of the support or resistance level.
4. User can adjust he stop loss and take profit as per the support and resistance zones.
Linear Reg CandlesThe provided Pine Script is a TradingView script for creating a technical analysis indicator called "Humble LinReg Candles." This script includes features such as linear regression for open, high, low, and close prices, signal smoothing with simple or exponential moving averages, and a trailing stop based on Average True Range (ATR). Additionally, the script contains a screener section to display signals for a list of specified symbols.
Here is a breakdown of the script:
Indicator Settings:
It defines various input parameters such as signal smoothing length, linear regression settings, and options for using simple moving averages.
Linear regression is applied to open, high, low, and close prices based on user-defined settings.
ATR Trailing Stop:
It calculates the Average True Range (ATR) and uses it to determine a trailing stop for buy and sell signals.
Signals are generated based on whether the close price is above or below the ATR trailing stop.
Plotting:
The script plots the calculated signal on the chart using the plot function.
Buy and Sell Conditions:
Buy and sell conditions are defined based on the relationship between the close price and the ATR trailing stop.
Plot shapes and bar colors are used to visually represent buy and sell signals on the chart.
Alerts:
Alerts are triggered when buy or sell conditions are met.
Screener Section:
The script defines a screener section to display a watchlist of symbols with long and short signals.
The watchlist includes a set of predefined symbols with corresponding long and short signals.
Table Theme Settings:
The script allows customization of the table theme, including background color, frame color, and text color.
The size and location of the table on the chart can also be customized.
Screener Function:
A function getSignal is defined to determine long and short signals for each symbol in the watchlist.
The getSym function is used to extract the symbol name from the symbol string.
Dashboard Creation:
The script creates a table (dashboard) to display long and short signals for the symbols in the watchlist.
The table includes headers for "Long Signal" and "Short Signal" and lists the symbols with corresponding signals.
Overall, the script combines technical analysis indicators and a screener to help traders identify potential buy and sell signals for a set of specified symbols.
Kiss Of DeathThis Pine Script code is designed to create a technical indicator on a TradingView chart known as the "Kiss of Death" signal. Here's a description of the script:
The script begins by specifying that it is intended for use with Pine Script version 5 (//@version=5) and sets the indicator's title to "Kiss of Death Signal" with indicator(title="Kiss of Death Signal", overlay=true).
The code calculates a 21-period Exponential Moving Average (EMA) of the closing prices (ema21 = ta.ema(close, 21)). The EMA is a commonly used trend-following indicator.
It also determines the lowest low of the previous two periods (prev_low = ta.lowest(low, 2)). This variable will be used in the signal condition.
The script then defines the signal condition for the "Kiss of Death" pattern. This pattern occurs when:
The current closing price is below the 21-period EMA (close < ema21).
The previous closing price is above or equal to the 21-period EMA (close >= ema21).
The current low is below the lowest low of the previous two periods (low < prev_low).
Next, it uses plot to display the 21-period EMA on the chart (plot(ema21, color=color.blue, title="21 EMA")), using a blue color.
Finally, the script utilizes plotshape to mark the points on the chart where the "Kiss of Death" signal condition is met. It places a red, downward-pointing triangle above the corresponding bars
In summary, this script provides a visual representation of the "Kiss of Death" signal on a TradingView chart, helping traders identify potential bearish reversal points based on the defined conditions. The 21-period EMA is also displayed to provide additional context.
What makes this script unique is that it specifically identifies and visualizes a specific technical pattern known as the "Kiss of Death". The "Kiss of Death" is a bearish reversal pattern that occurs when the current price falls below a specific moving average (in this case, a 21-period Exponential Moving Average or EMA) after previously being above it, and when the current low is below the lowest low of the previous two periods.
This script stands out because it provides a clear and visual representation of this particular pattern on a TradingView chart. By using a red, downward-pointing triangle above the bars, it helps traders quickly identify potential bearish reversal points based on the defined conditions.
The combination of a specific pattern, in this case the "Kiss of Death", along with a visual indicator, sets this script apart and makes it a useful tool for traders looking to identify potential bearish reversal points in their technical analysis.
IU Average move How The Script Works :
1. This script calculate the average movement of the price in a user defined custom session and plot the data in a table from on top left corner of the chart.
2. The script takes highest and lowest value of that custom session and store their difference into an array.
3. Then the script average the array thus gets the average price.
4. Addition to that the script converter the price pip change into percentage in order to calculate the value in percentage form.
5. This script is pure price action based the script only take price value and doesn't take any indicator for calculation.
6. The script works on every type of market.
7. If the session is invalid it returns nothing
8. The background color, text color and transparency is changeable.
How User Can Benefit From This Script:
1. User can understand the volatility of any session that he/she wish to trade.
2. It can be helpful for understanding the average price moment of any tradeble asset.
3. It will give the average price movement both in percentage and points bases.
4. By understanding the volatility user can adjust his stop loss or take profit with respect his risk management.
Naresh CE with 13 62 crossThank you to Lauris, for sharing knowledge and logic for the EMA cross-over (13/62).
The provided Pine Script is a custom script, which is designed to display Chandelier Exit levels on the price chart and generate buy and sell labels based on specific conditions.
Here's a breakdown of the key components and logic of the Pine Script:
Exponential Moving Averages (EMAs):
ema1: The 13-period Exponential Moving Average (EMA) of the closing price.
ema2: The 62-period Exponential Moving Average (EMA) of the closing price.
EMA Plotting:
The script plots the ema1 (13 EMA) and ema2 (62 EMA) lines on the price chart using the plot() function.
Chandelier Exit Calculation:
The Chandelier Exit values are calculated using the Average True Range (ATR).
The script calculates the atr (Average True Range) using the atr() function with the given length.
longStop is calculated as the highest price of the specified length minus the ATR, and shortStop is calculated as the lowest price plus the ATR.
Directional Indicator (dir):
The dir variable is used to determine the direction of the Chandelier Exit based on the comparison of the current close price with the previous long and short stops.
Buy and Sell Signals:
The script generates buy signals when the Chandelier Exit direction changes from short to long (buySignal).
Similarly, sell signals are generated when the Chandelier Exit direction changes from long to short (sellSignal).
The conditions for buy and sell signals are based on the value of dir and its previous value.
Buy and Sell Labels:
Buy and sell labels are plotted on the chart using plotshape() based on the generated buy and sell signals.
The showLabels input parameter controls whether to display the buy and sell labels.
Highlighting States:
The script fills the chart area with color (green for long, red for short) based on the direction of the Chandelier Exit values.
The highlightState input parameter controls whether to apply this highlighting.
Alerts:
The script includes alert conditions based on the direction change (changeCond), buy signal (buySignal), and sell signal (sellSignal) using the alertcondition() function.
The script aims to help traders identify potential buy and sell signals based on the Chandelier Exit levels derived from the 13 EMA and 62 EMA crossovers. The Chandelier Exit values can serve as dynamic stop-loss levels for long and short positions.
Auto Fibonacci TP Levels [WJ]This script automatically draws Fibonacci levels on a trading chart which are popular tools for traders seeking to identify potential areas of support and resistance.
Here are the features and benefits of this script:
1. Versatility in Sourcing Trade Entries:
Trade source can be customized to either longs (buying trades) or shorts (selling trades). The user has the flexibility to adjust their entry points based on their trading strategy.
Up to 2 sources can be used, expand if you wish.
As it is coded now, the source you have to pick from has to have a 'plot' that sends a (long) or (short) and is equal to 1 and 2 respectively.
Example: In the script you want to use for Long and Shorts, make a plot like this:
plot(LONG ? 1 : SHORT ? 2 : 0, title = "⭐ Outbound signal", display = display.none, editable = false)
The variable name of the LONG and SHORT needs to be the same as the one your code is using to indicate those trades.
2. Flexible Fibonacci Start Points:
The starting points for drawing Fibonacci levels can be customized for both longs and shorts.
3. Configurable Historical Data Length:
Users can adjust the number of historical bars to analyze for calculating higher highs (HH) and lower lows (LL).
4. Informative Labels and Lines:
The script can be configured to show the distance from the entry point to the 0.618 Fibonacci level (the so-called "golden ratio"). This helps traders to visualize the risk-reward ratio of their trades.
It indicates when a Fibonacci level was crossed which could signal a potential reversal.
It allows users to display the golden pocket levels only (0.618 and 0.65) or all the Fibonacci levels.
5. Customizable Fibonacci Levels and Colors:
Users can define their preferred Fibonacci levels and assign specific colors to each of these levels. This helps in identifying different levels quickly and intuitively.
The script also includes functionality for setting stop loss levels for short and long positions, which helps in risk management.
6. Clear Visualization of Crossing Levels:
If a trade crosses a specific Fibonacci level, the script draws lines indicating the crossing. This can help traders to identify potential breakout or reversal points.
7. Calculation of Fibonacci Boxes:
For each Fibonacci level, the script creates a box that indicates the level's range on the chart. This visual aid can help traders to better understand the price movement within these levels.
8. Customizable Labels:
The script provides percentage difference labels at each Fibonacci level, displaying the difference between the price at that level and the price at the 0 Fibonacci level. This can help users quickly understand the price change in terms of percentage at each level.
9. Performance Efficiency:
The script uses arrays to store and manage the Fibonacci levels and their associated colors. This approach enhances the performance of the script, especially when processing a large amount of data.
10. Adaptability:
This script automatically adapts to market movements. When the price crosses a level, it identifies and records this event, aiding the trader's decision-making process.
Overall, this script is highly customizable, adaptable and provides a clear visual representation of important trading data, making it an effective tool for traders using Fibonacci levels in their strategies.
NOTE: If you can't see the fib lines, it is because they have already been triggered/touched by a candle and they are set to not continue after they are touched.
120x ticker screener (composite tickers)In specific circumstances, it is possible to extract data, far above the 40 `request.*()` call limit for 1 single script .
The following technique uses composite tickers . Changing tickers needs to be done in the code itself as will be explained further.
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
🔶 PRINCIPLE
Standard example:
c1 = request.security('MTLUSDT' , 'D', close)
This will give the close value from 1 ticker (MTLUSDT); c1 for example is 1.153
Now let's add 2 tickers to MTLUSDT; XMRUSDT and ORNUSDT with, for example, values of 1.153 (I), 143.4 (II) and 0.8242 (III) respectively.
Just adding them up 'MTLUSDT+XMRUSDT+ORNUSDT' would give 145.3772 as a result, which is not something we can use...
Let's multiply ORNUSDT by 100 -> 14340
and multiply MTLUSDT by 1000000000 -> 1153000000 (from now, 10e8 will be used instead of 1000000000)
Then we make the sum.
When we put this in a security call (just the close value) we get:
c1 = request.security('MTLUSDT*10e8+XMRUSDT*100+ORNUSDT', 'D', close)
'MTLUSDT*10e8+XMRUSDT*100+ORNUSDT' -> 1153000000 + 14340 + 0.8242 = 1153014340.8242 (a)
This (a) will be split later on, for example:
1153014330.8242 / 10e8 = 1.1530143408242 -> round -> in this case to 1.153 (I), multiply again by 10e8 -> 1153000000.00 (b)
We subtract this from the initial number:
1153014340.8242 (a)
- 1153000000.0000 (b)
–––––––––––––––––
14340.8242 (c)
Then -> 14340.8242 / 100 = 143.408242 -> round -> 143.4 (II) -> multiply -> 14340.0000 (d)
-> subtract
14340.8242 (c)
- 14340.0000 (d)
––––––––––––
0.8242 (III)
Now we have split the number again into 3 tickers: 1.153 (I), 143.4 (II) and 0.8242 (III)
⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯
In this publication the function compose_3_() will make a composite ticker of 3 tickers, and the split_3_() function will split these 3 tickers again after passing 1 request.security() call.
In this example:
t46 = 'BINANCE:MTLUSDT', n46 = 10e8 , r46 = 3, t47 = 'BINANCE:XMRUSDT', n47 = 10e1, r47 = 1, t48 = 'BINANCE:ORNUSDT', r48 = 4 // T16
•••
T16= compose_3_(t48, t47, n47, t46, n46)
•••
= request.security(T16, res, )
•••
= split_3_(c16, n46, r46, n47, r47, r48)
🔶 CHANGING TICKERS
If you need to change tickers, you only have to change the first part of the script, USER DEFINED TICKERS
Back to our example, at line 26 in the code, you'll find:
t46 = 'BINANCE:MTLUSDT', n46 = 10e8 , r46 = 3, t47 = 'BINANCE:XMRUSDT', n47 = 10e1, r47 = 1, t48 = 'BINANCE:ORNUSDT', r48 = 4 // T16
( t46 , T16 ,... will be explained later)
You need to figure out how much you need to multiply each ticker, and the number for rounding, to get a good result.
In this case:
'BINANCE:MTLUSDT', multiply number = 10e8, round number is 3 (example value 1.153)
'BINANCE:XMRUSDT', multiply number = 10e1, round number is 1 (example value 143.4)
'BINANCE:ORNUSDT', NO multiply number, round number is 4 (example value 0.8242)
The value with most digits after the decimal point by preference is placed to the right side (ORNUSDT)
If you want to change these 3, how would you do so?
First pick your tickers and look for the round values, for example:
'MATICUSDT', example value = 0.5876 -> round -> 4
'LTCUSDT' , example value = 77.47 -> round -> 2
'ARBUSDT' , example value = 1.0231 -> round -> 4
Value with most digits after the decimal point -> MATIC or ARB, let's pick ARB to go on the right side, LTC at the left of ARB, and MATIC at the most left side.
-> 'MATICUSDT', LTCUSDT', ARBUSDT'
Then check with how much 'LTCUSDT' and 'MATICUSDT' needs to be multiplied to get this: 5876 0 7747 0 1.0231
'MATICUSDT' -> 10e10
'LTCUSDT' -> 10e3
Replace:
t46 = 'BINANCE:MTLUSDT', n46 = 10e8 , r46 = 3, t47 = 'BINANCE:XMRUSDT', n47 = 10e1, r47 = 1, t48 = 'BINANCE:ORNUSDT', r48 = 4 // T16
->
t46 = 'BINANCE:MATICUSDT', n46 = 10e10 , r46 = 4, t47 = 'BINANCE:LTCUSDT', n47 = 10e3, r47 = 2, t48 = 'BINANCE:ARBUSDT', r48 = 4 // T16
DO NOT change anything at t46, n46,... if you don't know what you're doing!
Only
• tickers ('BINANCE:MTLUSDT', 'BINANCE:XMRUSDT', 'BINANCE:ORNUSDT', ...),
• multiply numbers (10e8, 10e1, ...) and
• round numbers (3, 1, 4, ...)
should be changed.
There you go!
🔶 LIMITATIONS
🔹 The composite ticker fails when 1 of the 3 isn't in market in the weekend, while the other 2 are.
That is the reason all tickers are crypto. I think it is possible to combine stock,... tickers, but they have to share the same market hours.
🔹 The number cannot be as large as you want, the limit lays around 15-16 digits.
This means when you have for example 123, 45.67 and 0.000000000089, you'll get issues when composing to this:
-> 123045670.000000000089 (21 digits)
Make sure the numbers are close to each other as possible, with 1 zero (or 2) in between:
-> 1.230045670089 (13 digits by doing -> (123 * 10e-3) + (45.67 * 10e-7) + 0.000000000089)
🔹 This script contains examples of calculated values, % change, SMA, RMA and RSI.
These values need to be calculated from HTF close data at current TF (timeframe).
This gives challenges. For example the SMA / %change is not a problem (same values at 1h TF from Daily data).
RMA , RSI is not so easy though...
Daily values are rather similar on a 2-3h TF, but 1h TF and lower is quite different.
At the moment I haven't figured out why, if someone has an idea, don't hesitate to share.
The main goal of this publication is 'composite tickers ~ request.security()' though.
🔹 When a ticker value changes substantially (x10, x100), the multiply number needs to be adjusted accordingly.
🔶 SETTINGS
SHOW SETS
SET
• Length : length of SMA, RMA and RSI
• HTF : Higher TimeFrame (default Daily)
TABLE
• Size table : \ _ Self-explanatory
• Include exchange name : /
• Sort : If exchange names are shown, the exchanges will be sorted first
COLOURS
• CH%
• RSI
• SMA (RMA)
DEBUG
Remember t46 , T16 ,... ?
This can be used for debugging/checking
ALWAYS DISABLE " sort " when doing so.
Example:
Set string -> T1 (tickers FIL, CAKE, SOL)
(Numbers are slightly different due to time passing by between screen captures)
Placing your tickers at the side panel makes it easy to compare with the printed label below the table (right side, 332201415014.45 ),
together with the line T1 in the script:
t1 = 'BINANCE:FILUSDT' , n1 = 10e10, r1 = 4, t2 = 'BINANCE:CAKEUSDT' , n2 = 10e5 , r2 = 3, t3 = 'BINANCE:SOLUSDT' , r3 = 2 // T1
FIL : 3.322
CAKE: 1.415
SOL : 14.56
Now it is easy to check whether the tickers are placed close enough to each other, with 1-2 zero's in between.
If you want to check a specific ticker, use " Show Ticker" , see out initial example:
Set string -> T16
Show ticker -> 46 (in the code -> t46 = 'BINANCE:MTLUSDT')
(Set at 0 to disable " check string " and NONE to disable " Set string ")
-> Debug/check/set away! 😀
🔶 OTHER TECHNIQUES
• REGEX ( Regular expression ) and str.match() is used to delete the exchange name from the ticker, in other words, everything before ":" is deleted by following regex:
exch(t) => incl_exch ? t : str.match(t, "(?<=:) +")
• To sort, array.sort_indices() is used (line 675 in the code), just as in my first "sort" publication Sort array alphabetically - educational
aSort = arrT.copy()
sort_Indices = array.sort_indices(id= aSort, order= order.ascending)
• Numbers and text colour will adjust automatically when switching between light/dark mode by using chart.fg_color / chart.bg_color
🔹 DISCLAIMER
Please don't ask me for custom screeners, thank you.
Multiple Moving Average ToolkitFeatures Overview:
Multiple Moving Averages: The script allows you to plot up to five different Moving Averages (MAs) on your chart at the same time. You can choose the type of MA (EMA, SMA, HMA, WMA, DEMA, VWMA, VWAP) and the length of each one.
Color Ribbon: You can turn the MAs into a color ribbon by selecting the "Turn into Color Ribbon?" option. This will make the area between the MAs colored and can help you identify trends more easily.
MA Value Table: You can draw a table on your chart that displays the current values of each MA, whether the trend is bullish or bearish along with the length of the MAs. The current ATR value is also shown in the last cell of the table. You can choose the location of the table (Top Left, Top Right, Bottom Left, Bottom Right) and the transparency of the background color.
Crosses: The script can detect when two MAs cross over each other (1st MA crosses 5th MA and vice versa), indicating a potential trend reversal. It will plot crosses on the chart at the point of the crossover and give an alert if the "Bullish Cross Detected" or "Bearish Cross Detected" condition is met.
How to use:
Once the script is added to your chart, you can customize the settings to fit your preferences. You can choose the type and length of each MA, whether to turn them into a color ribbon, whether to plot crosses, and whether to draw the MA Value Table.
The MA Value Table can be moved to a different location on the chart by selecting the "Location of Table" option and choosing Top Left, Top Right, Bottom Left, or Bottom Right.
Watch for MA crossovers and alerts to identify potential trend reversals. The script can help you identify bullish and bearish trends by color-coding the area between the MAs and displaying the current values of each MA in the table.
Breakdown of the script:
User Inputs
The first section of the script defines several user inputs that allows you to customize the indicator. These include options for turning the MAs into a color ribbon, plotting crosses when there is a bullish or bearish cross of the MAs, drawing a table of the MA values, and setting the transparency of the ribbon. You can also select the location of the MA value table and customize the settings for each individual MA.
Moving Average Calculation
The script defines a function called "getMA" that calculates the moving average for a given type and length. The function uses a switch statement to determine which type of moving average to use, such as an exponential moving average (EMA), simple moving average (SMA), Hull moving average (HMA), weighted moving average (WMA), double exponential moving average (DEMA), volume-weighted moving average (VWMA), or volume-weighted average price (VWAP).
The script then calls this function to calculate the values of up to five different MAs, depending on the user input. The ATR (average true range) is also calculated using the TA library.
Color Filter and Cross Detection
The script sets a color filter based on the relationship between the MAs. If the shorter-term MAs are above the longer-term MAs, the filter is set to green to indicate a bullish trend, and if the shorter-term MAs are below the longer-term MAs, the filter is set to red to indicate a bearish trend. You can adjust the transparency of the ribbon to make it more or less visible.
The script also detects when there is a bullish or bearish cross of the MAs and can generate alerts to notify you.
MA Plotting
The script plots up to five MAs on the chart, depending on the user input. The MAs are plotted as lines with different colors and thicknesses, and you can choose to turn them into a color ribbon if desired.
Cross Plotting
The script plots crosses on the chart when there is a bullish or bearish cross of the MAs. The crosses are plotted as X shapes at the location of the cross and are color-coded to indicate the direction of the cross.
MA Value Table
Finally, the script draws a table of the MA values on the chart, displaying the values of each MA as well as the current trend and the ATR. You can customize the location of the table, and the table is colored to match the color filter of the MAs.
Feel free to message me or comment on the post with any questions or issues!
Much more to come!
Thanks for reading, enjoy!
Bollinger Bands SignalsDescription:
This indicator works well in trendy markets on long runs and in mean-reverting markets, at almost any timeframe.
That said, higher timeframes are much preferred for their intrinsic ability to cut out noise. The example chart is in 3H TF.
Be mindful, the script shows somewhat erratic jigsaw-like behaviour during consolidation periods when the price
jumps up and down in indecision which way to go. Fortunately, there are scripts out there that detect such periods.
You can choose between 4 Moving Averages, Vidya being the default. Period, Deviation and Bands Width parameters
all of them affect the signal generation.
For the Pine Script coder this script is pretty obvious.
It uses a standard technical analysis indicator - Bollinger Bands - and appends it with a 'width' parameter and
a signal generation procedure.
The signal generation procedure is the heart of this script that keeps the script pumping signals.
The BB width is used as a filter.
You can use this procedure in your own scripts and it will continue generate signals according to your rules.
Percent Levels From Previous CloseThis indicator plots on the chart +/- 1% / 2% / 3% ranges based on the previous day's close levels.
Disclaimer :
Success in trading is all about following your trading strategy and indicators should fit into your own strategy, and not be traded purely on.
This script is for informational and educational purposes only. Use of the script does not constitute professional and / or financial advice. You are solely responsible for evaluating the outcome of the script and the risks associated with using the script. In exchange for the use of the script, you agree not to hold monpotejulien TradingView user responsible for any possible claims for damages arising out of any decisions you make based on the use of the script.
3rd WaveHello All,
In Elliott Wave Theory, 3rd wave is not the shortest one in the waves 1/3/5 and it's usually longest one. so if we can catch it then we may get good opportunities to trade. This script finds 3rd wave experimentally. it can be also the 3rd waves in the waves 1, 3, 5, A and C. the 3rd wave should have greater volume than other waves, the script can check its volume and compare with the volumes of the waves 1 and 2 optionally.
Pine Team released Pine version 5! This script was developed in v5 and it uses Library feature of Pine v5 for the zigzag functions. This script is also an example for the Pine developers who learn Pine v5 and Libraries.
Options:
Zigzag Period: is the length that is used to calculate highest/lowest and the zigzag waves
Min/Max Retracements: is the retracement rates to check the wave 2 according to wave 1. for example; if min/max values are 0.500-0.618 then wave 2 must be minimum 0.500 of wave 1 and maximum 0.618 of wave 1.
Check Volume Support: is an option to compare the volumes of1. 2. and . waves. if you enable this option then the script checks their volume and 3rd wave volume must be greater then 1 and 2
there are 4 options for the targets. you can enable/disable and change their levels. targets are calculated using length of wave 1.
Options to show breakout zone, zigzag, wave 1 and 2.
and some options for the colors.
The Library that is used in this script:
P.S. This is an experimental work and can be improved. So do not hesitate to drop your comments under the script ;)
Enjoy!
[CLX][#04] Progress BarsFully customizable progress bars. 🚥
Functions:
- f_pbar() - 2 color, single argument version
- f_bar_theme() - multi color, array version
A detailed description will follow in the next few days.
Feel free to contribute for an extended version. 😊 Still in development.
We hope you enjoy it! 🎉
CRYPTOLINX - jango_blockchained 😊👍
Disclaimer:
Trading success is all about following your trading strategy and the indicators should fit within your trading strategy, and not to be traded upon solely.
The script is for informational and educational purposes only. Use of the script does not constitute professional and/or financial advice. You alone have the sole responsibility of evaluating the script output and risks associated with the use of the script. In exchange for using the script, you agree not to hold cryptolinx TradingView user liable for any possible claim for damages arising from any decision you make based on use of the script.
[SCL] Significant Figures Example FunctionThis script consist of a single example function that takes a floating-point number - one that can, but doesn't have to, include a decimal point - and converts it to a floating-point number with only a certain number of significant digits left.
I'm not aware of another script that does this. There might well be a simpler way, in which case please do let me know.
For example, say you want to display a variable from your script to the user and it comes out to something like 45.366666666666666666666667 or whatever. That looks awful when you, for example, print it in a label.
Now, you could round it up to the nearest integer easily using a built-in function, or even to a certain number of decimal places using a reasonably simple custom function.
But that's a bit arbitrary. Suppose you don't know what asset the script will be used on, and so you can't predict what the price is, and what the value will turn out to be.
It could be 0.00045366666666666666666666667 instead. Now if you round it up to 3 decimal places it comes out as 0.000, which is useless.
My function will round that number to 0.0004536 instead, if told to do it to 4 significant digits.
You're free to use this function in your own scripts, including closed-source scripts, without asking permission. Credit to @SimpleCryptoLife would be appreciated.
Bar Balance [LucF]Bar Balance extracts the number of up, down and neutral intrabars contained in each chart bar, revealing information on the strength of price movement. It can display stacked columns representing raw up/down/neutral intrabar counts, or an up/down balance line which can be calculated and visualized in many different ways.
WARNING: This is an analysis tool that works on historical bars only. It does not show any realtime information, and thus cannot be used to issue alerts or for automated trading. When realtime bars elapse, the indicator will require a browser refresh, a change to its Inputs or to the chart's timeframe/symbol to recalculate and display information on those elapsed bars. Once a trader understands this, the indicator can be used advantageously to make discretionary trading decisions.
Traders used to work with my Delta Volume Columns Pro will feel right at home in this indicator's Inputs . It has lots of options, allowing it to be used in many different ways. If you value the bar balance information this indicator mines, I hope you will find the time required to master the use of Bar Balance well worth the investment.
█ OVERVIEW
The indicator has two modes: Columns and Line .
Columns
• In Columns mode you can display stacked Up/Down/Neutral columns.
• The "Up" section represents the count of intrabars where `close > open`, "Down" where `close < open` and "Neutral" where `close = open`.
• The Up section always appears above the centerline, the Down section below. The Neutral section overlaps the centerline, split halfway above and below it.
The Up and Down sections start where the Neutral section ends, when there is one.
• The Up and Down sections can be colored independently using 7 different methods.
• The signal line plotted in Line mode can also be displayed in Columns mode.
Line
• Displays a single balance line using a zero centerline.
• A variable number of independent methods can be used to calculate the line (6), determine its color (5), and color the fill (5).
You can thus evaluate the state of 3 different components with this single line.
• A "Divergence Levels" feature will use the line to automatically draw expanding levels on divergence events.
Features available in both modes
• The color of all components can be selected from 15 base colors, with 16 gradient levels used for each base color in the indicator's gradients.
• A zero line can show a 6-state aggregate value of the three main volume balance modes.
• The background can be colored using any of 5 different methods.
• Chart bars can be colored using 5 different methods.
• Divergence and large neutral count ratio events can be shown in either Columns or Line mode, calculated in one of 4 different methods.
• Markers on 6 different conditions can be displayed.
█ CONCEPTS
Intrabar inspection
Intrabar inspection means the indicator looks at lower timeframe bars ( intrabars ) making up a given chart bar to gather its information. If your chart is on a 1-hour timeframe and the intrabar resolution determined by the indicator is 5 minutes, then 12 intrabars will be analyzed for each chart bar and the count of up/down/neutral intrabars among those will be tallied.
Bar Balances and calculation methods
The indicator uses a variety of methods to evaluate bar balance and to derive other calculations from them:
1. Balance on Bar : Uses the relative importance of instant Up and Down counts on the bar.
2. Balance Averages : Uses the difference between the EMAs of Up and Down counts.
3. Balance Momentum : Starts by calculating, separately for both Up and Down counts, the difference between the same EMAs used in Balance Averages and an SMA of double the period used for the EMAs. These differences are then aggregated and finally, a bounded momentum of that aggregate is calculated using RSI.
4. Markers Bias : It sums the bull/bear occurrences of the four previous markers over a user-defined period (the default is 14).
5. Combined Balances : This is the aggregate of the instant bull/bear bias of the three main bar balances.
6. Dual Up/Down Averages : This is a display mode showing the EMA calculated for each of the Up and Down counts.
Interpretation of neutral intrabars
What do neutral intrabars mean? When price does not change during a bar, it can be because there is simply no interest in the market, or because of a perfect balance between buyers and sellers. The latter being more improbable, Bar Balance assumes that neutral bars reveal a lack of interest, which entails uncertainty. That is the reason why the option is provided to interpret ratios of neutral intrabars greater than 50% as divergences. It is also the rationale behind the option to dampen signal lines on the inverse ratio of neutral intrabars, so that zero intrabars do not affect the signal, and progressively larger proportions of neutral intrabars will reduce the signal's amplitude, as the balance calcs using the up/down counts lose significance. The impact of the dampening will vary with markets. Weaker markets such as cryptos will often contain greater numbers of neutral intrabars, so dampening the Line in that sector will have a greater impact than in more liquid markets.
█ FEATURES
1 — Columns
• While the size of the Up/Down columns always represents their respective importance on the bar, their coloring mode is independent. The default setup uses a standard coloring mode where the Up/Down columns over/under the zero line are always in the bull/bear color with a higher intensity for the winning side. Six other coloring modes allow you to pack more information in the columns. When choosing to color the top columns using a bull/bear gradient on Balance Averages, for example, you will end up with bull/bear colored tops. In order for the color of the bottom columns to continue to show the instant bar balance, you can then choose the "Up/Down Ratio on Bar — Dual Solid Colors" coloring mode to make those bars the color of the winning side for that bar.
• Line mode shows only the line, but Columns mode allows displaying the line along with it. If the scale of the line is different than that of the scale of the columns, the line will often appear flat. Traders may find even a flat line useful as its bull/bear colors will be easily distinguishable.
2 — Line
• The default setup for Line mode uses a calculation on "Balance Momentum", with a fill on the longer-term "Balance Averages" and a line color based on the "Markers Bias". With the background set on "Line vs Divergence Levels" and the zero line on the hard-coded "Combined Bar Balances", you have access to five distinct sources of information at a glance, to which you can add divergences, divergences levels and chart bar coloring. This provides powerful potential in displaying bar balance information.
• When no columns are displayed, Line mode can show the full scale of whichever line you choose to calculate because the columns' scale no longer interferes with the line's scale.
• Note that when "Balance on Bar" is selected, the Neutral count is also displayed as a ratio of the balance line. This is the only instance where the Neutral count is displayed in Line mode.
• The "Dual Up/Down Averages" is an exception as it displays two lines: one average for the Up counts and another for the Down counts. This mode will be most useful when Columns are also displayed, as it provides a reference for the top and bottom columns.
3 — Zero Line
The zero line can be colored using two methods, both based on the Combined Balances, i.e., the aggregate of the instant bull/bear bias of the three main bar balances.
• In "Six-state Dual Color Gradient" mode, a dot appears on every bar. Its color reflects the bull/bear state of the Combined Balances, and the dot's brightness reflects the tally of balance biases.
• In "Dual Solid Colors (All Bull/All Bear Only)" a dot only appears when all three balances are either bullish or bearish. The resulting pattern is identical to that of Marker 1.
4 — Divergences
• Divergences are displayed as a small circle at the top of the scale. Four different types of divergence events can be detected. Divergences occur whenever the bull/bear bias of the method used diverges with the bar's price direction.
• An option allows you to include in divergence events instances where the count of neutral intrabars exceeds 50% of the total intrabar count.
• The divergence levels are dynamic levels that automatically build from the line's values on divergence events. On consecutive divergences, the levels will expand, creating a channel. This implementation of the divergence levels corresponds to my view that divergences indicate anomalies, hesitations, points of uncertainty if you will. It excludes any association of a pre-determined bullish/bearish bias to divergences. Accordingly, the levels merely take note of divergence events and mark those points in time with levels. Traders then have a reference point from which they can evaluate further movement. The bull/bear/neutral colors used to plot the levels are also congruent with this view in that they are determined by price's position relative to the levels, which is how I think divergences can be put to the most effective use.
5 — Background
• The background can show a bull/bear gradient on four different calculations. You can adjust its brightness to make its visual importance proportional to how you use it in your analysis.
6 — Chart bars
• Chart bars can be colored using five different methods.
• You have the option of emptying the body of bars where volume does not increase, as does my TLD indicator, the idea behind this being that movement on bars where volume does not increase is less relevant.
7 — Intrabar Resolution
You can choose between three modes. Two of them are automatic and one is manual:
a) Fast, Longer history, Auto-Steps (~12 intrabars) : Optimized for speed and deeper history. Uses an average minimum of 12 intrabars.
b) More Precise, Shorter History Auto-Steps (~24 intrabars) : Uses finer intrabar resolution. It is slower and provides less history. Uses an average minimum of 24 intrabars.
c) Fixed : Uses the fixed resolution of your choice.
Auto-Steps calculations vary for 24/7 and conventional markets in order to achieve the proper target of minimum intrabars.
You can choose to view the intrabar resolution currently used to calculate delta volume. It is the default.
The proper selection of the intrabar resolution is important. It must achieve maximal granularity to produce precise results while not unduly slowing down calculations, or worse, causing runtime errors.
8 — Markers
Six markers are available:
1. Combined Balances Agreement : All three Bar Balances are either bullish or bearish.
2. Up or Down % Agrees With Bar : An up marker will appear when the percentage of up intrabars in an up chart bar is greater than the specified percentage. Conditions mirror to down bars.
3. Divergence confirmations By Price : One of the four types of balance calculations can be used to detect divergences with price. Confirmations occur when the bar following the divergence confirms the balance bias. Note that the divergence events used here do not include neutral intrabar events.
4. Balance Transitions : Bull/bear transitions of the selected balance.
5. Markers Bias Transitions : Bull/bear transitions of the Markers Bias.
6. Divergence Confirmations By Line : Marks points where the line first breaches a divergence level.
Markers appear when the condition is detected, without delay. Since nothing is plotted in realtime, markers do not appear on the realtime bar.
9 — Settings
• Two modes can be selected to dampen the line on the ratio of neutral intrabars.
• A distinct weight can be attributed to the count of the latter half of intrabars, on the assumption that later intrabars may be more important in determining the outcome of chart bars.
• Allows control over the periods of the different moving averages used in calculations.
• The default periods used for the various calculations define the following hierarchy from slow to fast:
Balance Averages: 50,
Balance Momentum: 20,
Dual Up/Down Averages: 20,
Marker Bias: 10.
█ LIMITATIONS
• This script uses a special characteristic of the `security()` function allowing the inspection of intrabars—which is not officially supported by TradingView.
• The method used does not work on the realtime bar—only on historical bars.
• The indicator only works on some chart resolutions: 3, 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 12 hours, 1 day, 1 week and 1 month. The script’s code can be modified to run on other resolutions, but chart resolutions must be divisible by the lower resolution used for intrabars and the stepping mechanism could require adaptation.
• When using the "Line vs Divergence Levels — Dual Color Gradient" color mode to fill the line, background or chart bars, keep in mind that a line calculation mode must be defined for it to work, as it determines gradients on the movement of the line relative to divergence levels. If the line is hidden, it will not work.
• When the difference between the chart’s resolution and the intrabar resolution is too great, runtime errors will occur. The Auto-Steps selection mechanisms should avoid this.
• Alerts do not work reliably when `security()` is used at intrabar resolutions. Accordingly, no alerts are configured in the indicator.
• The color model used in the indicator provides for fancy visuals that come at a price; when you change values in Inputs , it can take 20 seconds for the changes to materialize. Luckily, once your color setup is complete, the color model does not have a large performance impact, as in normal operation the `security()` calls will become the most important factor in determining response time. Also, once in a while a runtime error will occur when you change inputs. Just making another change will usually bring the indicator back up.
█ RAMBLINGS
Is this thing useful?
I'll let you decide. Bar Balance acts somewhat like an X-Ray on bars. The intrabars it analyzes are no secret; one can simply change the chart's resolution to see the same intrabars the indicator uses. What the indicator brings to traders is the precise count of up/down/neutral intrabars and, more importantly, the calculations it derives from them to present the information in a way that can make it easier to use in trading decisions.
How reliable is Bar Balance information?
By the same token that an up bar does not guarantee that more up bars will follow, future price movements cannot be inferred from the mere count of up/down/neutral intrabars. Price movement during any chart bar for which, let's say, 12 intrabars are analyzed, could be due to only one of those intrabars. One can thus easily see how only relying on bar balance information could be very misleading. The rationale behind Bar Balance is that when the information mined for multiple chart bars is aggregated, it can provide insight into the history behind chart bars, and thus some bias as to the strength of movements. An up chart bar where 11/12 intrabars are also up is assumed to be stronger than the same up bar where only 2/12 intrabars are up. This logic is not bulletproof, and sometimes Bar Balance will stray. Also, keep in mind that balance lines do not represent price momentum as RSI would. Bar Balance calculations have no idea where price is. Their perspective, like that of any historian, is very limited, constrained that it is to the narrow universe of up/down/neutral intrabar counts. You will thus see instances where price is moving up while Balance Momentum, for example, is moving down. When Bar Balance performs as intended, this indicates that the rally is weakening, which does necessarily imply that price will reverse. Occasionally, price will merrily continue to advance on weakening strength.
Divergences
Most of the divergence detection methods used here rely on a difference between the bias of a calculation involving a multi-bar average and a given bar's price direction. When using "Bar Balance on Bar" however, only the bar's balance and price movement are used. This is the default mode.
As usual, divergences are points of interest because they reveal imbalances, which may or may not become turning points. I do not share the overwhelming enthusiasm traders have for the purported ability of bullish/bearish divergences to indicate imminent reversals.
Superfluity
In "The Bed of Procrustes", Nassim Nicholas Taleb writes: To bankrupt a fool, give him information . Bar Balance can display lots of information. While learning to use a new indicator inevitably requires an adaptation period where we put it through its paces and try out all its options, once you have become used to Bar Balance and decide to adopt it, rigorously eliminate the components you don't use and configure the remaining ones so their visual prominence reflects their relative importance in your analysis. I tried to provide flexible options for traders to control this indicator's visuals for that exact reason—not for window dressing.
█ NOTES
For traders
• To avoid misleading traders who don't read script descriptions, the indicator shows nothing in the realtime bar.
• The Data Window shows key values for the indicator.
• All gradients used in this indicator determine their brightness intensities using advances/declines in the signal—not their relative position in a fixed scale.
• Note that because of the way gradients are optimized internally, changing their brightness will sometimes require bringing down the value a few steps before you see an impact.
• Because this indicator does not use volume, it will work on all markets.
For coders
• For those interested in gradients, this script uses an advanced version of the Advance/Decline gradient function from the PineCoders Color Gradient (16 colors) Framework . It allows more precise control over the range, steps and min/max values of the gradients.
• I use the PineCoders Coding Conventions for Pine to write my scripts.
• I used functions modified from the PineCoders MTF Selection Framework for the selection of timeframes.
█ THANKS TO:
— alexgrover who helped me think through the dampening method used to attenuate signal lines on high ratios of neutral intrabars.
— A guy called Kuan who commented on a Backtest Rookies presentation of their Volume Profile indicator . The technique I use to inspect intrabars is derived from Kuan's code.
— theheirophant , my partner in the exploration of the sometimes weird abysses of `security()`’s behavior at intrabar resolutions.
— midtownsk8rguy , my brilliant companion in mining the depths of Pine graphics. He is also the co-author of the PineCoders Color Gradient Frameworks .
Backtesting & Trading Engine [PineCoders]The PineCoders Backtesting and Trading Engine is a sophisticated framework with hybrid code that can run as a study to generate alerts for automated or discretionary trading while simultaneously providing backtest results. It can also easily be converted to a TradingView strategy in order to run TV backtesting. The Engine comes with many built-in strats for entries, filters, stops and exits, but you can also add you own.
If, like any self-respecting strategy modeler should, you spend a reasonable amount of time constantly researching new strategies and tinkering, our hope is that the Engine will become your inseparable go-to tool to test the validity of your creations, as once your tests are conclusive, you will be able to run this code as a study to generate the alerts required to put it in real-world use, whether for discretionary trading or to interface with an execution bot/app. You may also find the backtesting results the Engine produces in study mode enough for your needs and spend most of your time there, only occasionally converting to strategy mode in order to backtest using TV backtesting.
As you will quickly grasp when you bring up this script’s Settings, this is a complex tool. While you will be able to see results very quickly by just putting it on a chart and using its built-in strategies, in order to reap the full benefits of the PineCoders Engine, you will need to invest the time required to understand the subtleties involved in putting all its potential into play.
Disclaimer: use the Engine at your own risk.
Before we delve in more detail, here’s a bird’s eye view of the Engine’s features:
More than 40 built-in strategies,
Customizable components,
Coupling with your own external indicator,
Simple conversion from Study to Strategy modes,
Post-Exit analysis to search for alternate trade outcomes,
Use of the Data Window to show detailed bar by bar trade information and global statistics, including some not provided by TV backtesting,
Plotting of reminders and generation of alerts on in-trade events.
By combining your own strats to the built-in strats supplied with the Engine, and then tuning the numerous options and parameters in the Inputs dialog box, you will be able to play what-if scenarios from an infinite number of permutations.
USE CASES
You have written an indicator that provides an entry strat but it’s missing other components like a filter and a stop strategy. You add a plot in your indicator that respects the Engine’s External Signal Protocol, connect it to the Engine by simply selecting your indicator’s plot name in the Engine’s Settings/Inputs and then run tests on different combinations of entry stops, in-trade stops and profit taking strats to find out which one produces the best results with your entry strat.
You are building a complex strategy that you will want to run as an indicator generating alerts to be sent to a third-party execution bot. You insert your code in the Engine’s modules and leverage its trade management code to quickly move your strategy into production.
You have many different filters and want to explore results using them separately or in combination. Integrate the filter code in the Engine and run through different permutations or hook up your filtering through the external input and control your filter combos from your indicator.
You are tweaking the parameters of your entry, filter or stop strat. You integrate it in the Engine and evaluate its performance using the Engine’s statistics.
You always wondered what results a random entry strat would yield on your markets. You use the Engine’s built-in random entry strat and test it using different combinations of filters, stop and exit strats.
You want to evaluate the impact of fees and slippage on your strategy. You use the Engine’s inputs to play with different values and get immediate feedback in the detailed numbers provided in the Data Window.
You just want to inspect the individual trades your strategy generates. You include it in the Engine and then inspect trades visually on your charts, looking at the numbers in the Data Window as you move your cursor around.
You have never written a production-grade strategy and you want to learn how. Inspect the code in the Engine; you will find essential components typical of what is being used in actual trading systems.
You have run your system for a while and have compiled actual slippage information and your broker/exchange has updated his fees schedule. You enter the information in the Engine and run it on your markets to see the impact this has on your results.
FEATURES
Before going into the detail of the Inputs and the Data Window numbers, here’s a more detailed overview of the Engine’s features.
Built-in strats
The engine comes with more than 40 pre-coded strategies for the following standard system components:
Entries,
Filters,
Entry stops,
2 stage in-trade stops with kick-in rules,
Pyramiding rules,
Hard exits.
While some of the filter and stop strats provided may be useful in production-quality systems, you will not devise crazy profit-generating systems using only the entry strats supplied; that part is still up to you, as will be finding the elusive combination of components that makes winning systems. The Engine will, however, provide you with a solid foundation where all the trade management nitty-gritty is handled for you. By binding your custom strats to the Engine, you will be able to build reliable systems of the best quality currently allowed on the TV platform.
On-chart trade information
As you move over the bars in a trade, you will see trade numbers in the Data Window change at each bar. The engine calculates the P&L at every bar, including slippage and fees that would be incurred were the trade exited at that bar’s close. If the trade includes pyramided entries, those will be taken into account as well, although for those, final fees and slippage are only calculated at the trade’s exit.
You can also see on-chart markers for the entry level, stop positions, in-trade special events and entries/exits (you will want to disable these when using the Engine in strategy mode to see TV backtesting results).
Customization
You can couple your own strats to the Engine in two ways:
1. By inserting your own code in the Engine’s different modules. The modular design should enable you to do so with minimal effort by following the instructions in the code.
2. By linking an external indicator to the engine. After making the proper selections in the engine’s Settings and providing values respecting the engine’s protocol, your external indicator can, when the Engine is used in Indicator mode only:
Tell the engine when to enter long or short trades, but let the engine’s in-trade stop and exit strats manage the exits,
Signal both entries and exits,
Provide an entry stop along with your entry signal,
Filter other entry signals generated by any of the engine’s entry strats.
Conversion from strategy to study
TradingView strategies are required to backtest using the TradingView backtesting feature, but if you want to generate alerts with your script, whether for automated trading or just to trigger alerts that you will use in discretionary trading, your code has to run as a study since, for the time being, strategies can’t generate alerts. From hereon we will use indicator as a synonym for study.
Unless you want to maintain two code bases, you will need hybrid code that easily flips between strategy and indicator modes, and your code will need to restrict its use of strategy() calls and their arguments if it’s going to be able to run both as an indicator and a strategy using the same trade logic. That’s one of the benefits of using this Engine. Once you will have entered your own strats in the Engine, it will be a matter of commenting/uncommenting only four lines of code to flip between indicator and strategy modes in a matter of seconds.
Additionally, even when running in Indicator mode, the Engine will still provide you with precious numbers on your individual trades and global results, some of which are not available with normal TradingView backtesting.
Post-Exit Analysis for alternate outcomes (PEA)
While typical backtesting shows results of trade outcomes, PEA focuses on what could have happened after the exit. The intention is to help traders get an idea of the opportunity/risk in the bars following the trade in order to evaluate if their exit strategies are too aggressive or conservative.
After a trade is exited, the Engine’s PEA module continues analyzing outcomes for a user-defined quantity of bars. It identifies the maximum opportunity and risk available in that space, and calculates the drawdown required to reach the highest opportunity level post-exit, while recording the number of bars to that point.
Typically, if you can’t find opportunity greater than 1X past your trade using a few different reasonable lengths of PEA, your strategy is doing pretty good at capturing opportunity. Remember that 100% of opportunity is never capturable. If, however, PEA was finding post-trade maximum opportunity of 3 or 4X with average drawdowns of 0.3 to those areas, this could be a clue revealing your system is exiting trades prematurely. To analyze PEA numbers, you can uncomment complete sets of plots in the Plot module to reveal detailed global and individual PEA numbers.
Statistics
The Engine provides stats on your trades that TV backtesting does not provide, such as:
Average Profitability Per Trade (APPT), aka statistical expectancy, a crucial value.
APPT per bar,
Average stop size,
Traded volume .
It also shows you on a trade-by-trade basis, on-going individual trade results and data.
In-trade events
In-trade events can plot reminders and trigger alerts when they occur. The built-in events are:
Price approaching stop,
Possible tops/bottoms,
Large stop movement (for discretionary trading where stop is moved manually),
Large price movements.
Slippage and Fees
Even when running in indicator mode, the Engine allows for slippage and fees to be included in the logic and test results.
Alerts
The alert creation mechanism allows you to configure alerts on any combination of the normal or pyramided entries, exits and in-trade events.
Backtesting results
A few words on the numbers calculated in the Engine. Priority is given to numbers not shown in TV backtesting, as you can readily convert the script to a strategy if you need them.
We have chosen to focus on numbers expressing results relative to X (the trade’s risk) rather than in absolute currency numbers or in other more conventional but less useful ways. For example, most of the individual trade results are not shown in percentages, as this unit of measure is often less meaningful than those expressed in units of risk (X). A trade that closes with a +25% result, for example, is a poor outcome if it was entered with a -50% stop. Expressed in X, this trade’s P&L becomes 0.5, which provides much better insight into the trade’s outcome. A trade that closes with a P&L of +2X has earned twice the risk incurred upon entry, which would represent a pre-trade risk:reward ratio of 2.
The way to go about it when you think in X’s and that you adopt the sound risk management policy to risk a fixed percentage of your account on each trade is to equate a currency value to a unit of X. E.g. your account is 10K USD and you decide you will risk a maximum of 1% of it on each trade. That means your unit of X for each trade is worth 100 USD. If your APPT is 2X, this means every time you risk 100 USD in a trade, you can expect to make, on average, 200 USD.
By presenting results this way, we hope that the Engine’s statistics will appeal to those cognisant of sound risk management strategies, while gently leading traders who aren’t, towards them.
We trade to turn in tangible profits of course, so at some point currency must come into play. Accordingly, some values such as equity, P&L, slippage and fees are expressed in currency.
Many of the usual numbers shown in TV backtests are nonetheless available, but they have been commented out in the Engine’s Plot module.
Position sizing and risk management
All good system designers understand that optimal risk management is at the very heart of all winning strategies. The risk in a trade is defined by the fraction of current equity represented by the amplitude of the stop, so in order to manage risk optimally on each trade, position size should adjust to the stop’s amplitude. Systems that enter trades with a fixed stop amplitude can get away with calculating position size as a fixed percentage of current equity. In the context of a test run where equity varies, what represents a fixed amount of risk translates into different currency values.
Dynamically adjusting position size throughout a system’s life is optimal in many ways. First, as position sizing will vary with current equity, it reproduces a behavioral pattern common to experienced traders, who will dial down risk when confronted to poor performance and increase it when performance improves. Second, limiting risk confers more predictability to statistical test results. Third, position sizing isn’t just about managing risk, it’s also about maximizing opportunity. By using the maximum leverage (no reference to trading on margin here) into the trade that your risk management strategy allows, a dynamic position size allows you to capture maximal opportunity.
To calculate position sizes using the fixed risk method, we use the following formula: Position = Account * MaxRisk% / Stop% [, which calculates a position size taking into account the trade’s entry stop so that if the trade is stopped out, 100 USD will be lost. For someone who manages risk this way, common instructions to invest a certain percentage of your account in a position are simply worthless, as they do not take into account the risk incurred in the trade.
The Engine lets you select either the fixed risk or fixed percentage of equity position sizing methods. The closest thing to dynamic position sizing that can currently be done with alerts is to use a bot that allows syntax to specify position size as a percentage of equity which, while being dynamic in the sense that it will adapt to current equity when the trade is entered, does not allow us to modulate position size using the stop’s amplitude. Changes to alerts are on the way which should solve this problem.
In order for you to simulate performance with the constraint of fixed position sizing, the Engine also offers a third, less preferable option, where position size is defined as a fixed percentage of initial capital so that it is constant throughout the test and will thus represent a varying proportion of current equity.
Let’s recap. The three position sizing methods the Engine offers are:
1. By specifying the maximum percentage of risk to incur on your remaining equity, so the Engine will dynamically adjust position size for each trade so that, combining the stop’s amplitude with position size will yield a fixed percentage of risk incurred on current equity,
2. By specifying a fixed percentage of remaining equity. Note that unless your system has a fixed stop at entry, this method will not provide maximal risk control, as risk will vary with the amplitude of the stop for every trade. This method, as the first, does however have the advantage of automatically adjusting position size to equity. It is the Engine’s default method because it has an equivalent in TV backtesting, so when flipping between indicator and strategy mode, test results will more or less correspond.
3. By specifying a fixed percentage of the Initial Capital. While this is the least preferable method, it nonetheless reflects the reality confronted by most system designers on TradingView today. In this case, risk varies both because the fixed position size in initial capital currency represents a varying percentage of remaining equity, and because the trade’s stop amplitude may vary, adding another variability vector to risk.
Note that the Engine cannot display equity results for strategies entering trades for a fixed amount of shares/contracts at a variable price.
SETTINGS/INPUTS
Because the initial text first published with a script cannot be edited later and because there are just too many options, the Engine’s Inputs will not be covered in minute detail, as they will most certainly evolve. We will go over them with broad strokes; you should be able to figure the rest out. If you have questions, just ask them here or in the PineCoders Telegram group.
Display
The display header’s checkbox does nothing.
For the moment, only one exit strategy uses a take profit level, so only that one will show information when checking “Show Take Profit Level”.
Entries
You can activate two simultaneous entry strats, each selected from the same set of strats contained in the Engine. If you select two and they fire simultaneously, the main strat’s signal will be used.
The random strat in each list uses a different seed, so you will get different results from each.
The “Filter transitions” and “Filter states” strats delegate signal generation to the selected filter(s). “Filter transitions” signals will only fire when the filter transitions into bull/bear state, so after a trade is stopped out, the next entry may take some time to trigger if the filter’s state does not change quickly. When you choose “Filter states”, then a new trade will be entered immediately after an exit in the direction the filter allows.
If you select “External Indicator”, your indicator will need to generate a +2/-2 (or a positive/negative stop value) to enter a long/short position, providing the selected filters allow for it. If you wish to use the Engine’s capacity to also derive the entry stop level from your indicator’s signal, then you must explicitly choose this option in the Entry Stops section.
Filters
You can activate as many filters as you wish; they are additive. The “Maximum stop allowed on entry” is an important component of proper risk management. If your system has an average 3% stop size and you need to trade using fixed position sizes because of alert/execution bot limitations, you must use this filter because if your system was to enter a trade with a 15% stop, that trade would incur 5 times the normal risk, and its result would account for an abnormally high proportion in your system’s performance.
Remember that any filter can also be used as an entry signal, either when it changes states, or whenever no trade is active and the filter is in a bull or bear mode.
Entry Stops
An entry stop must be selected in the Engine, as it requires a stop level before the in-trade stop is calculated. Until the selected in-trade stop strat generates a stop that comes closer to price than the entry stop (or respects another one of the in-trade stops kick in strats), the entry stop level is used.
It is here that you must select “External Indicator” if your indicator supplies a +price/-price value to be used as the entry stop. A +price is expected for a long entry and a -price value will enter a short with a stop at price. Note that the price is the absolute price, not an offset to the current price level.
In-Trade Stops
The Engine comes with many built-in in-trade stop strats. Note that some of them share the “Length” and “Multiple” field, so when you swap between them, be sure that the length and multiple in use correspond to what you want for that stop strat. Suggested defaults appear with the name of each strat in the dropdown.
In addition to the strat you wish to use, you must also determine when it kicks in to replace the initial entry’s stop, which is determined using different strats. For strats where you can define a positive or negative multiple of X, percentage or fixed value for a kick-in strat, a positive value is above the trade’s entry fill and a negative one below. A value of zero represents breakeven.
Pyramiding
What you specify in this section are the rules that allow pyramiding to happen. By themselves, these rules will not generate pyramiding entries. For those to happen, entry signals must be issued by one of the active entry strats, and conform to the pyramiding rules which act as a filter for them. The “Filter must allow entry” selection must be chosen if you want the usual system’s filters to act as additional filtering criteria for your pyramided entries.
Hard Exits
You can choose from a variety of hard exit strats. Hard exits are exit strategies which signal trade exits on specific events, as opposed to price breaching a stop level in In-Trade Stops strategies. They are self-explanatory. The last one labelled When Take Profit Level (multiple of X) is reached is the only one that uses a level, but contrary to stops, it is above price and while it is relative because it is expressed as a multiple of X, it does not move during the trade. This is the level called Take Profit that is show when the “Show Take Profit Level” checkbox is checked in the Display section.
While stops focus on managing risk, hard exit strategies try to put the emphasis on capturing opportunity.
Slippage
You can define it as a percentage or a fixed value, with different settings for entries and exits. The entry and exit markers on the chart show the impact of slippage on the entry price (the fill).
Fees
Fees, whether expressed as a percentage of position size in and out of the trade or as a fixed value per in and out, are in the same units of currency as the capital defined in the Position Sizing section. Fees being deducted from your Capital, they do not have an impact on the chart marker positions.
In-Trade Events
These events will only trigger during trades. They can be helpful to act as reminders for traders using the Engine as assistance to discretionary trading.
Post-Exit Analysis
It is normally on. Some of its results will show in the Global Numbers section of the Data Window. Only a few of the statistics generated are shown; many more are available, but commented out in the Plot module.
Date Range Filtering
Note that you don’t have to change the dates to enable/diable filtering. When you are done with a specific date range, just uncheck “Date Range Filtering” to disable date filtering.
Alert Triggers
Each selection corresponds to one condition. Conditions can be combined into a single alert as you please. Just be sure you have selected the ones you want to trigger the alert before you create the alert. For example, if you trade in both directions and you want a single alert to trigger on both types of exits, you must select both “Long Exit” and “Short Exit” before creating your alert.
Once the alert is triggered, these settings no longer have relevance as they have been saved with the alert.
When viewing charts where an alert has just triggered, if your alert triggers on more than one condition, you will need the appropriate markers active on your chart to figure out which condition triggered the alert, since plotting of markers is independent of alert management.
Position sizing
You have 3 options to determine position size:
1. Proportional to Stop -> Variable, with a cap on size.
2. Percentage of equity -> Variable.
3. Percentage of Initial Capital -> Fixed.
External Indicator
This is where you connect your indicator’s plot that will generate the signals the Engine will act upon. Remember this only works in Indicator mode.
DATA WINDOW INFORMATION
The top part of the window contains global numbers while the individual trade information appears in the bottom part. The different types of units used to express values are:
curr: denotes the currency used in the Position Sizing section of Inputs for the Initial Capital value.
quote: denotes quote currency, i.e. the value the instrument is expressed in, or the right side of the market pair (USD in EURUSD ).
X: the stop’s amplitude, itself expressed in quote currency, which we use to express a trade’s P&L, so that a trade with P&L=2X has made twice the stop’s amplitude in profit. This is sometimes referred to as R, since it represents one unit of risk. It is also the unit of measure used in the APPT, which denotes expected reward per unit of risk.
X%: is also the stop’s amplitude, but expressed as a percentage of the Entry Fill.
The numbers appearing in the Data Window are all prefixed:
“ALL:” the number is the average for all first entries and pyramided entries.
”1ST:” the number is for first entries only.
”PYR:” the number is for pyramided entries only.
”PEA:” the number is for Post-Exit Analyses
Global Numbers
Numbers in this section represent the results of all trades up to the cursor on the chart.
Average Profitability Per Trade (X): This value is the most important gauge of your strat’s worthiness. It represents the returns that can be expected from your strat for each unit of risk incurred. E.g.: your APPT is 2.0, thus for every unit of currency you invest in a trade, you can on average expect to obtain 2 after the trade. APPT is also referred to as “statistical expectancy”. If it is negative, your strategy is losing, even if your win rate is very good (it means your winning trades aren’t winning enough, or your losing trades lose too much, or both). Its counterpart in currency is also shown, as is the APPT/bar, which can be a useful gauge in deciding between rivalling systems.
Profit Factor: Gross of winning trades/Gross of losing trades. Strategy is profitable when >1. Not as useful as the APPT because it doesn’t take into account the win rate and the average win/loss per trade. It is calculated from the total winning/losing results of this particular backtest and has less predictive value than the APPT. A good profit factor together with a poor APPT means you just found a chart where your system outperformed. Relying too much on the profit factor is a bit like a poker player who would think going all in with two’s against aces is optimal because he just won a hand that way.
Win Rate: Percentage of winning trades out of all trades. Taken alone, it doesn’t have much to do with strategy profitability. You can have a win rate of 99% but if that one trade in 100 ruins you because of poor risk management, 99% doesn’t look so good anymore. This number speaks more of the system’s profile than its worthiness. Still, it can be useful to gauge if the system fits your personality. It can also be useful to traders intending to sell their systems, as low win rate systems are more difficult to sell and require more handholding of worried customers.
Equity (curr): This the sum of initial capital and the P&L of your system’s trades, including fees and slippage.
Return on Capital is the equivalent of TV’s Net Profit figure, i.e. the variation on your initial capital.
Maximum drawdown is the maximal drawdown from the highest equity point until the drop . There is also a close to close (meaning it doesn’t take into account in-trade variations) maximum drawdown value commented out in the code.
The next values are self-explanatory, until:
PYR: Avg Profitability Per Entry (X): this is the APPT for all pyramided entries.
PEA: Avg Max Opp . Available (X): the average maximal opportunity found in the Post-Exit Analyses.
PEA: Avg Drawdown to Max Opp . (X): this represents the maximum drawdown (incurred from the close at the beginning of the PEA analysis) required to reach the maximal opportunity point.
Trade Information
Numbers in this section concern only the current trade under the cursor. Most of them are self-explanatory. Use the description’s prefix to determine what the values applies to.
PYR: Avg Profitability Per Entry (X): While this value includes the impact of all current pyramided entries (and only those) and updates when you move your cursor around, P&L only reflects fees at the trade’s last bar.
PEA: Max Opp . Available (X): It’s the most profitable close reached post-trade, measured from the trade’s Exit Fill, expressed in the X value of the trade the PEA follows.
PEA: Drawdown to Max Opp . (X): This is the maximum drawdown from the trade’s Exit Fill that needs to be sustained in order to reach the maximum opportunity point, also expressed in X. Note that PEA numbers do not include slippage and fees.
EXTERNAL SIGNAL PROTOCOL
Only one external indicator can be connected to a script; in order to leverage its use to the fullest, the engine provides options to use it as either an entry signal, an entry/exit signal or a filter. When used as an entry signal, you can also use the signal to provide the entry’s stop. Here’s how this works:
For filter state: supply +1 for bull (long entries allowed), -1 for bear (short entries allowed).
For entry signals: supply +2 for long, -2 for short.
For exit signals: supply +3 for exit from long, -3 for exit from short.
To send an entry stop level with an entry signal: Send positive stop level for long entry (e.g. 103.33 to enter a long with a stop at 103.33), negative stop level for short entry (e.g. -103.33 to enter a short with a stop at 103.33). If you use this feature, your indicator will have to check for exact stop levels of 1.0, 2.0 or 3.0 and their negative counterparts, and fudge them with a tick in order to avoid confusion with other signals in the protocol.
Remember that mere generation of the values by your indicator will have no effect until you explicitly allow their use in the appropriate sections of the Engine’s Settings/Inputs.
An example of a script issuing a signal for the Engine is published by PineCoders.
RECOMMENDATIONS TO ASPIRING SYSTEM DESIGNERS
Stick to higher timeframes. On progressively lower timeframes, margins decrease and fees and slippage take a proportionally larger portion of profits, to the point where they can very easily turn a profitable strategy into a losing one. Additionally, your margin for error shrinks as the equilibrium of your system’s profitability becomes more fragile with the tight numbers involved in the shorter time frames. Avoid <1H time frames.
Know and calculate fees and slippage. To avoid market shock, backtest using conservative fees and slippage parameters. Systems rarely show unexpectedly good returns when they are confronted to the markets, so put all chances on your side by being outrageously conservative—or a the very least, realistic. Test results that do not include fees and slippage are worthless. Slippage is there for a reason, and that’s because our interventions in the market change the market. It is easier to find alpha in illiquid markets such as cryptos because not many large players participate in them. If your backtesting results are based on moving large positions and you don’t also add the inevitable slippage that will occur when you enter/exit thin markets, your backtesting will produce unrealistic results. Even if you do include large slippage in your settings, the Engine can only do so much as it will not let slippage push fills past the high or low of the entry bar, but the gap may be much larger in illiquid markets.
Never test and optimize your system on the same dataset , as that is the perfect recipe for overfitting or data dredging, which is trying to find one precise set of rules/parameters that works only on one dataset. These setups are the most fragile and often get destroyed when they meet the real world.
Try to find datasets yielding more than 100 trades. Less than that and results are not as reliable.
Consider all backtesting results with suspicion. If you never entertained sceptic tendencies, now is the time to begin. If your backtest results look really good, assume they are flawed, either because of your methodology, the data you’re using or the software doing the testing. Always assume the worse and learn proper backtesting techniques such as monte carlo simulations and walk forward analysis to avoid the traps and biases that unchecked greed will set for you. If you are not familiar with concepts such as survivor bias, lookahead bias and confirmation bias, learn about them.
Stick to simple bars or candles when designing systems. Other types of bars often do not yield reliable results, whether by design (Heikin Ashi) or because of the way they are implemented on TV (Renko bars).
Know that you don’t know and use that knowledge to learn more about systems and how to properly test them, about your biases, and about yourself.
Manage risk first , then capture opportunity.
Respect the inherent uncertainty of the future. Cleanse yourself of the sad arrogance and unchecked greed common to newcomers to trading. Strive for rationality. Respect the fact that while backtest results may look promising, there is no guarantee they will repeat in the future (there is actually a high probability they won’t!), because the future is fundamentally unknowable. If you develop a system that looks promising, don’t oversell it to others whose greed may lead them to entertain unreasonable expectations.
Have a plan. Understand what king of trading system you are trying to build. Have a clear picture or where entries, exits and other important levels will be in the sort of trade you are trying to create with your system. This stated direction will help you discard more efficiently many of the inevitably useless ideas that will pop up during system design.
Be wary of complexity. Experienced systems engineers understand how rapidly complexity builds when you assemble components together—however simple each one may be. The more complex your system, the more difficult it will be to manage.
Play! . Allow yourself time to play around when you design your systems. While much comes about from working with a purpose, great ideas sometimes come out of just trying things with no set goal, when you are stuck and don’t know how to move ahead. Have fun!
@LucF
NOTES
While the engine’s code can supply multiple consecutive entries of longs or shorts in order to scale positions (pyramid), all exits currently assume the execution bot will exit the totality of the position. No partial exits are currently possible with the Engine.
Because the Engine is literally crippled by the limitations on the number of plots a script can output on TV; it can only show a fraction of all the information it calculates in the Data Window. You will find in the Plot Module vast amounts of commented out lines that you can activate if you also disable an equivalent number of other plots. This may be useful to explore certain characteristics of your system in more detail.
When backtesting using the TV backtesting feature, you will need to provide the strategy parameters you wish to use through either Settings/Properties or by changing the default values in the code’s header. These values are defined in variables and used not only in the strategy() statement, but also as defaults in the Engine’s relevant Inputs.
If you want to test using pyramiding, then both the strategy’s Setting/Properties and the Engine’s Settings/Inputs need to allow pyramiding.
If you find any bugs in the Engine, please let us know.
THANKS
To @glaz for allowing the use of his unpublished MA Squize in the filters.
To @everget for his Chandelier stop code, which is also used as a filter in the Engine.
To @RicardoSantos for his pseudo-random generator, and because it’s from him that I first read in the Pine chat about the idea of using an external indicator as input into another. In the PineCoders group, @theheirophant then mentioned the idea of using it as a buy/sell signal and @simpelyfe showed a piece of code implementing the idea. That’s the tortuous story behind the use of the external indicator in the Engine.
To @admin for the Volatility stop’s original code and for the donchian function lifted from Ichimoku .
To @BobHoward21 for the v3 version of Volatility Stop .
To @scarf and @midtownsk8rguy for the color tuning.
To many other scripters who provided encouragement and suggestions for improvement during the long process of writing and testing this piece of code.
To J. Welles Wilder Jr. for ATR, used extensively throughout the Engine.
To TradingView for graciously making an account available to PineCoders.
And finally, to all fellow PineCoders for the constant intellectual stimulation; it is a privilege to share ideas with you all. The Engine is for all TradingView PineCoders, of course—but especially for you.
Look first. Then leap.
TZtraderTZtrader
This is a TrendZones version with features to set stoploss and targets in short and long positions meant for use in intraday charts. It aims to provide signals for opening and closing long and short positions. In the comments under the TrendZones publication several people expressed a need for features for a short position similar to those for a long position as implemented in TrendZones, some want to use it for scalping, some asked for alerts. When I proposed to create a version for day trading with target lines based on ATR, several people liked the idea.
Full disclosure: I don’t do day trading, because, after I lost a lot of money, I had to promise my wife to stay away from it. I restrict myself to long term investing in stocks which are in uptrend. However I understand what a day trader needs. I gather from my experience that day trading or scalping is an attempt to earn something by opening a position in the morning and close, reopen and close it again during the day with a profit. It is usually done with leveraged instruments like CFD’s, futures, options, and what have you. Opening and closing positions is done within minutes, so the trader needs a quick and efficient way to set proper stoploss and target. TZtrader supports this by showing only three or four numbers on the price bar: The price of the instrument, The logical stop level (gray or green or maroon dots), and the target level (navy). All other numbers are suppressed to prevent mistakes. Also a clear feedback for current settings at the top-center of the pane and an alert feedback at bottom that flashes alerts during the development of the current bar and gives suppression status.
The script
First I made a bare bones version of TrendZones to which I added code for long and short trading setups and a bare setup for no position. The code for the logical stops in long setup had to be reviewed, after which this became the basis for stops in short setup.
Then I added code for 10 alert messages, which was a hassle, because this is the first time I coded alerts and the first time I used an array as a stack to avoid a complicated if-then construction. During testing the array caused a runtime error which I solved by adding ‘array.clear’ to the code, also I discovered that in TradingView separate alerts have to be created for all three setups - short, long and bare. Flipping setups is done in the inputs with a dropdown menu because Pine Script has no function for a clickable button.
One visual with three setups.
The visual has the TrendZones structure: Three near parallel very smooth curves, which border the moderate uptrend (green) and downtrend (orange) zone over and under the curve in the middle, the COG (Center Of Gravity). Where the price breaks out of these curves, strong trend zones show up over and under the curves, respectively strong uptrend (blue) and strong downtrend (red).
Three setups were made clearly different to avoid confusion and to provide oversight in case of multiple trades going on simultaneously which I imagine are monitored in one screen. You have to see which one is long, which short and which have no position. The long setup should not trigger short signals, nor should the short trigger long signals nor the bare setup exclusive long or short signals.
The Long setup is default, shown on the example chart. In this setup the Stoploss suggestions (green, gray and maroon dots) are under the price bars and the target line (navy) at a set distance above the High Border. A zone with a width of 1 ATR is drawn under the Low Border. In this setup 5 specific alerts are provided
The Short setup has the Stoploss suggestions over the price bars, the target line at a set distance under the Low Border. A zone with a width of 1 ATR is drawn above the High Border. This setup also has 5 specific alerts.
The Bare setup has no Stoploss suggestions, no target line and supports 4 alerts, 2 in common with the Long setup and 2 with Short.
The table below gives a summary of scripted alerts:
Setup = Where = When = Purpose
Long, Bare = Green Zone = Bars come from lower zones = Uptrend starts
Long, Bare = Green Zone = Sideways ends in uptrend = Uptrend resumes
Long = COG = First crossing = Uptrend might end warning
Long = Orange Zone = Bars come from higher zones = Uptrend ended take care
Long = Red Zone = Bars come from higher zones = Strong downtrend->close Long
Short, Bare = Orange Zone = Bars come from higher zones = Downtrend starts
Short, Bare = Orange Zone = Sideways ends in downtrend = Downtrend resumes
Short = COG = First crossing = Downtrend might end warning
Short = Green Zone = Bars come from lower zones = Downtrend ended take care
Short = Blue Zone = Bars come from lower zones = Strong uptrend -> close short
You can use script alerts in TradingView by clicking the clock in the sidebar, then ‘create alert’ or plus, as condition you choose ‘Tztrader’ in the dialog box, then the “Any alert() function call” option (the first item in the list). The script lets the valid alert trigger by TradingView after the bar is completed, this can differ from the flashed messages during its formation.
When you create alerts in Tradingview, I advice to do that for each setup, then to make only the alert active which matches the current setup, pause the other ones.
Suppressing false and annoying signals
The script has two ways to suppress such signals, which have to do with the numbers in the alert feedback. The numbers left and right of the message with a colored background, depict the zones in which the previous (left) and current (right) bar move. 1 is the strong downtrend zone (red), 2 the moderate downtrend zone (orange), 3 the sideways zones (gray), 4 the COG (gray), 5 the moderate uptrend zone (green), 6 the strong uptrend zone (blue), 7 something went wrong with assigning a zone (black). In extensive testing the number 7 never occurs, because I catch that error in the code. The idea is that an alert is only triggered if the previous bar was in a different zone. When the bars are in the same zone, no alert is possible. This way all annoying signals are suppressed and long, short and bare get the appropriate alerts.
The third number is a counter. It counts how often the COG is crossed without touching the outer curves. The counter will reset to zero when the upper or lower curve is touched. When the count is 1 you have zone situation 4 and appropriate alerts are flashed. When the count is 2 or higher, a sideways situation (3) is called and while the recrossings are going on, no alerts can be flashed. This suppresses false signals. The ATR zone and curves are brownish-gray where sideways happens(ed). When the channel is narrowed down to just the three curves, some false signals still might occur.
Inputs
“Setup”, default is long, drop down menu provides long, short and bare.
“Target ATR”, default is 2, sets the amount of ATR for the target line. In 1 minute charts 4 seems an appropriate setting, you have to learn by experience which setting works.
“show feedback …” default is on, This creates two feedback labels, a Setup feedback on top of the pane, which shows charted instrument, Setup type, Trend and timeframe of the chart. Background color of Trend feedback is green when it matches the setup, red when mismatches and gray when no match. The alert feedback at the bottom of the pane shows a number, a message and two numbers. The numbers will be explained in the chapter about false and annoying signals below. During formation of the bar, valid alerts are flashed with a blue background, otherwise the message ‘alerts for current bar suppressed’.
Logical Stops
The curves are the logical place to put stops, because, as these are averages of the high and low border of a Donchian channel, they signify the ‘natural’ current highest, lowest and main level in the lookback period that fit the monitored trend setup. A downtrend turns into an uptrend when a breakout of the upper curve occurs. If you are short, that is where you want to close position, so the logical place for the stoploss is the upper curve. Vice versa, when you are long, the logical stop is on the lower curve. The stops show up as green or gray dots on the curves, the green dots signify a nice entry level, the gray stops are there to suggest levels where unrealized profits might be secured, the maroon dots indicate that the trend mismatches the setup.
COG versus other lines
Any line used to identify a trend, be it some MA or some other line, is interpreted the same way: When the bars move above the line there is an uptrend and when below, a downtrend. COG is not different in that sense. If you put such a line in the same chart as TZtrader, you can see situations in which the other line shows uptrend or downtrend earlier than COG, also some other lines, e.g. Hull MA, are very good at showing tops and bottoms, while COG ignores these. On the other hand the other lines are usually a little nervous and let you shake out of position too soon. Just like the other lines, COG gives false signals when it is near horizontal. The advantage of the placement COG is the tolerance for pull backs. This way TZtrader keeps you longer in the trend. Such pull backs are often ‘flags’ which are interpreted in TA as confirming the trend. Tztrader aims to get you in position reasonably soon when a trend begins and out of position as soon as the trend turns against you. The placement of COG is done with a fundamentally different algorithm than other lines as it is not an average of prices, but the middle of two averages of borders of a Donchian channel. This gives the two zones between the curves the same quality as the two zones above and below the middle line of a standard Donchian Channel.
A multi timeframe application.
In this scenario you put a 5 minutes and 1 minute chart with Tztrader side by side. If the 5 minutes shows uptrend, set the 1 minute on long trading and open positions when the trend matches uptrend en close when it mismatches. Don’t open short positions. Once the 5 minute changes to downtrend, set Tztrader in the 1 minute to short trading and open positions when the trend matches downtrend and close when it mismatches.
The idea is that in a long ‘context’, provided by the 5 minutes, the uptrends in the 1 minute will last longer and go further, vice versa for the short ‘context’. This way you do swing trading in the 5 minute in a smart way, maximizing profits.
You can do this with any timeframe pairs with a proportion of around 5:1, 4:1, 6:1, like e.g. 60 minutes and 15 minutes or weeks and days (5 trading days in a week).
Dear day-traders, may this tool be helpful and may your days be blessed.
Take care
Enhanced TEMA with Decimal PeriodsImagine you have a special type of moving average line called a TEMA (Triple
Moving Average). A TEMA is designed to be even quicker to react to price changes than a regular EMA (Exponential Moving Average), helping traders spot trends faster.
What this script does:
Super-Precise TEMA Length:
Normally, when you set the "length" or "period" for a moving average, you use whole numbers (like 10 days, 20 days).
This script lets you be more precise and use decimal numbers for the TEMA's length (like 26.0 days, or even 26.7 days). This allows for very fine-tuning.
How it gets the "Decimal" EMA part (if you choose to use it):
If you want a TEMA with a length of, say, 26.7:
The script first needs to calculate EMAs with a length of 26.7.
To do this, it cleverly calculates two regular EMAs: one with a length of 26 and another with a length of 27 (the whole numbers just below and above 26.7).
Then, it blends these two EMAs. Since 26.7 is closer to 27, it takes more from the "27-period EMA" and a bit less from the "26-period EMA." This mix gives you an EMA that acts like it has a 26.7 period.
Building the TEMA:
A TEMA isn't just one EMA. It's made by taking an EMA of an EMA, and then an EMA of that. It's like smoothing the line multiple times, but in a special mathematical way to make it faster.
So, this script:
-Calculates the first "decimal EMA" (e.g., for 26.7).
-Calculates another "decimal EMA" of that first EMA line (again, using 26.7).
-Calculates a third "decimal EMA" of the second EMA line (still using 26.7).
Finally, it combines these three EMAs using a special TEMA formula to get the final, quick-reacting TEMA line.
Option to Switch Off Decimals:
There's a setting ("Use Decimal Periods"). If you turn this off, the script will just use regular whole-number EMAs to build the TEMA (it will round down your decimal input, so 26.7 would become 26).
Plotting:
The final "Enhanced TEMA" line is drawn on your price chart.
In Simple Terms:
This script gives you a TEMA (a fast-moving average) that you can set up with very precise decimal lengths (like 26.7 instead of just 26 or 27).
It does this "decimal magic" by smartly blending two regular EMAs. You can also choose to use it like a normal TEMA with whole numbers if you prefer. The goal is to give traders a very responsive trend-following line that can be fine-tuned to a high degree of precision.
