To Pine Script™ version 4

This is a guide to converting Pine Script™ code from @version=3 to @version=4.

Converter

The Pine Editor comes with a utility to automatically convert v3 indicators and strategies to v4. To access it, open a script with //@version=3 in it and select the Convert to v4 option in the More dropdown menu:

Not all scripts can be automatically converted from v3 to v4. If you want to convert the script manually or if your indicator returns a compilation error after conversion, consult the guide below for more information.

Renaming of built-in constants, variables, and functions

In Pine Script™ v4 the following built-in constants, variables, and functions were renamed:

• Color constants (e.g red) are moved to the color.* namespace (e.g. color.red).
• The color function has been renamed to color.new.
• Constants for input() types (e.g. integer) are moved to the input.* namespace (e.g. input.integer).
• The plot style constants (e.g. histogram style) are moved to the plot.style_* namespace (e.g. plot.style_histogram).
• Style constants for the hline function (e.g. the dotted style) are moved to the hline.style_* namespace (e.g. hline.style_dotted).
• Constants of days of the week (e.g. sunday) are moved to the dayofweek.* namespace (e.g. dayofweek.sunday).
• The variables of the current chart timeframe (e.g. period, isintraday) are moved to the timeframe.* namespace (e.g. timeframe.period, timeframe.isintraday).
• The interval variable was renamed to timeframe.multiplier.
• The ticker and tickerid variables are renamed to syminfo.ticker and syminfo.tickerid respectively.
• The n variable that contains the bar index value has been renamed to bar_index.

The reason behind renaming all of the above was to structure the standard language tools and make working with code easier. New names are grouped according to assignments under common prefixes. For example, you will see a list with all available color constants if you type ‘color’ in the editor and press Ctrl + Space.

Explicit variable type declaration

In Pine Script™ v4 it’s no longer possible to create variables with an unknown data type at the time of their declaration. This was done to avoid a number of issues that arise when the variable type changes after its initialization with the na value. From now on, you need to explicitly specify their type using keywords or type functions (for example, float) when declaring variables with the na value: